Rainwater Harvesting Using GIS Technique: A Case Study of Diyala Governorate, Iraq

Abstract

To improve the management of water resources in Iraq, there are several methods, including the use of rainwater harvesting techniques. In this study, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Landsat satellite imagery were used under the GIS environment to identify the suitable zones for rainwater harvesting. The accomplishment of rainwater harvesting systems strongly depends on their technical designing and identifying the suitable sites. Six criteria have been used to identify the rainwater harvesting sites in the Diyala governorate. The procedure of identifying the suitable sites for rainwater harvesting was applied twice for the Diyala governorate. Firstly, it was applied by using the criteria of rainfall, slope, stream order, distance to roads, and land use, and secondly, rainfall, slope, stream order, distance to roads, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) criteria were used for this purpose. As a result, the study area was divided into three suitability zones: low, moderate, and high according to the specific criteria that were used to identify the rainwater harvesting suitable sites. It was found that in the application of land use criterion the low suitability zone represents 26%, 58% represents the moderate, and 16% for the high suitability zone, while in the method of NDVI it was found that 29% represents the zone that has low suitability, 57% represents the moderate, and 14% represents the high suitability zone. The compared results led to conclude that the land use is the most influential criterion for identifying the rainwater harvesting suitability sites and found that most of the Eastern parts of Diyala governorate are promising areas for rainwater harvesting and ArcGIS is a very useful, time-saving, and cost-effective tool for identifying the rainwater harvesting suitable sites.

Morphotectonic of Euphrates River between Al-Qaim and Haditha cities, western Iraq

“…The area was active during the E-M Miocene due to the Arabian Plate Northward Movement [7]. Dextral movement occurred along the north part of the Abu Jir fault zone while positive inversion took place on the Anah graben, which develops the Anah Anticline, both formed during the Early-Middle Miocene [7] [12]. The Iraqi Western Desert has an arid climate.…”

An integrated new approach for optimizing rainwater harvesting system with dams site selection in the Dewana Watershed, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

“…As water demands continue to rise and climatic conditions pose new challenges, an integrated new approach, utilizing technologies such as RS, GIS, and MCDA, becomes essential to ensure a sustainable and efficient water supply for the region. Iraq, a semi-arid nation in the Middle East, has suffered serious scarcity for the last two decades due to various causes, including population growth, high demand for water, urbanization, water pollution, and unsustainable water resources in many areas due to climate change [ 3 , 4 ]. Several studies demonstrate that Iraq will encounter extra challenges as the country's water deficit problem worsens over time [ [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] ].…”

Using SWAT Model to Estimate the Water Balance of Wadi Al-Mohammadi Basin, Western Iraq

“…It directly affects the abundance of water as a natural resource in rural and urban environments [2]. Iraq's climate is continental, subtropical, and semi-arid except for the hilly region in the north and northeast of the country, which has a Mediterranean climate [3].…”