Rainwater composition over a rural area with special emphasis on the size distribution of insoluble particulate matter

Schütz, L.; Krämer, M.

doi:10.1007/bf00048858

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Few previous studies have described insoluble individual particles in rainwater. Schutz and Kramer [1987] found a possible size dependence in the removal process of insoluble particles (d = 0.2–200 μ m) in rural rainwater samples. Ro et al [2001] used low‐Z electron probe X‐ray microanalysis to investigate the chemical composition of Asian dust and found carbonaceous particles were associated with the dust particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Analysis of rainwater samples: Comparison of single particle residues with ambient particle chemistry from the northeast Pacific and Indian oceans

Holecek¹,

Spencer²,

Prather³

2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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Individual particles produced from atomized rainwater samples collected in California and the Indian Ocean were analyzed with an aerosol time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) to investigate the chemical composition of the individual rain residue particles. Insoluble residue particle types were determined on the basis of a comparison of the rainwater particle mass spectra with ambient particle spectra. Major particle types found in rainwater include dust, organic carbon with sodium, aromatic organic carbon, vegetative detritus, and an internally mixed sea salt and elemental carbon class. A unique internally mixed sea salt–elemental carbon particle type was detected in both the ambient and rainwater samples, suggesting this particle type was most likely formed by cloud processing occurring during long‐range transport. The presence of this particle type in remote marine locations has important climate ramifications as it is anticipated it will be strongly absorbing on the basis of the combination of an absorbing particle (elemental carbon) mixed with a high refractive index material (sea salt). Most of the particle types detected in rainwater were detected in the ambient particles with the exception of a unique aromatic particle type detected in rainwater samples from both locations. The presence of the aromatic type coupled with the absence of biomass particles in the rainwater samples leads to the hypothesis the aromatic components were originally associated with atmospheric biomass burning particles. The ubiquitous presence of this aromatic type in rainwater samples highlights the potential importance of biomass burning and/or humic‐like substances (HULIS) compounds in cloud formation and rain processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Analysis of rainwater samples: Comparison of single particle residues with ambient particle chemistry from the northeast Pacific and Indian oceans

Holecek¹,

Spencer²,

Prather³

2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…The analysis of single particles enables the identification of individual sources of aerosols that influence cloud and precipitation formation [Ault et al, 2011;Axson et al, 2016;Creamean et al, 2015Creamean et al, , 2014bCreamean et al, , 2013Holecek et al, 2007;Ma et al, 2004;Matthias-Maser et al, 2000;Schutz and Kramer, 1987;Zhang et al, 2013]. Given that INPs are typically insoluble particles, analysis of single particles provides an advantage over bulk solution analysis as it is possible to analyze individual insoluble residues from snowmelt to determine their sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in precipitating snow chemistry with location and elevation in the California Sierra Nevada

et al. 2016

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Orographic snowfall in the Sierra Nevada Mountains is an important source of water for California and can vary significantly on an annual basis. The microphysical properties of orographic clouds and subsequent formation of precipitation are impacted, in part, by aerosols of varying size, number, and chemical composition, which are incorporated into clouds formed along the Sierra barrier. Herein, the physicochemical properties and sources of insoluble residues and soluble ions found in precipitation samples were explored for three sites of variable elevation in the Sierra Nevada during the 2012–2013 winter season. Residues were characterized using a suite of physicochemical techniques to determine the size‐resolved number concentrations and associated chemical composition. A transition in the aerosol sources that served as cloud seeds or were scavenged in‐cloud and below‐cloud was observed as a function of location and elevation. Anthropogenic influence from the Central Valley was dominant at the two lowest elevation sites (1900 and 2200 m above mean sea level (AMSL)), whereas long‐range transported mineral dust was a larger contributor at the highest elevation site where cleaner conditions were observed (2600 m AMSL). The residues and soluble ions observed provide insight into how multiple aerosol sources can impact cloud and precipitation formation processes, even over relatively small spatial scales. The transition with increasing elevation to aerosols that serve as ice nucleating particles may impact the properties and extent of snowfall in remote mountain regions where snowpack provides a vital supply of water.

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“…Wet deposition, by incorporating particles and their gaseous precursors into precipitation, also affects long-range transport (Schutz and Kramer 1987). Precipitation, or dew, allows differential scavenging mainly by virtue of differences in the hygroscopicity and solubility of the aerosol particle within the cloud and the size of the particle below the cloud (Barrie and Schemenauer 1986).…”

Section: Atmospheric Trace-element Scavengingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Trace Elements a Critical Evaluation

Church¹,

Arimoto²,

Jickells³

et al. 1990

The Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Natural and Contaminant Substances

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Throughout the earth's geological history trace elements have been atmospherically transported from continent to continent and from continent to ocean; this long-range atmospheric transport is now recognized as an important, if not the most important, mode of global transport for a variety of trace substances and elements. The anthropogenic trace substances found in remote locations attest to the rapidity and extent of such transport.Trace elements are of interest in studies of long-range atmospheric transport because of their importance in biogeochemical processes, including global oceanic fluxes. Tracers from particular source regions or industrial processes, including various metals with characteristic origins, have been used to document the dispersal caused by atmospheric transport. Trace elements with magnitudes and sources well documented 37 A. H. Knap (ed.), The Long-Range Atmospheric Transport o/Natural and Contaminant Substances, 37-58.

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Rainwater composition over a rural area with special emphasis on the size distribution of insoluble particulate matter

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Analysis of rainwater samples: Comparison of single particle residues with ambient particle chemistry from the northeast Pacific and Indian oceans

Analysis of rainwater samples: Comparison of single particle residues with ambient particle chemistry from the northeast Pacific and Indian oceans

Changes in precipitating snow chemistry with location and elevation in the California Sierra Nevada

The Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of Trace Elements a Critical Evaluation

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