Analysis of rainwater samples: Comparison of single particle residues with ambient particle chemistry from the northeast Pacific and Indian oceans

Holecek, J. C.; Spencer, Matthew T.; Prather, Kimberly A.

doi:10.1029/2006jd008269

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…These particles likely dissolved in the precipitation solution and became resuspended independent of the potassium cores often found in biomass burning particles. The water soluble oxidized organic carbon particle type has been shown previously in ATOFMS analysis of precipitation samples [ Holecek et al , 2007] and has been supported by recent single particle X‐ray microscopy showing organic carbon mixed with inorganic cores in urban outflow [ Moffet et al , 2010]. These species most likely came from CCN‐active biomass burning particles [ Holecek et al , 2007; Petters et al , 2009] and are likely composed of water soluble humic‐like substances, as evidenced by the aromatic peaks in the spectra, that can represent large fractions of organic carbon in precipitation [ Graber and Rudich , 2006].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Rain was collected for Periods 1–8, snowfall was collected and melted for Period 9, and mixed phase precipitation was collected and melted during Period 10. The insoluble resides in the precipitation samples were analyzed chemically using a previously described method [ Holecek et al , 2007]. Briefly, the insoluble residues in the precipitation samples were resuspended using a Collison nebulizer, dried using two silica gel diffusion driers, and sampled by an aerosol time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS); giving size and dual polarity mass spectra for individual particles between 0.2 and 3.0 μ m. The ATOFMS is described elsewhere [ Gard et al , 1997].…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Detection of Asian dust in California orographic precipitation

Ault¹,

Williams²,

White³

et al. 2011

J. Geophys. Res.

112

160

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[1] Aerosols impact the microphysical properties of clouds by serving as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN). By modifying cloud properties, aerosols have the potential to alter the location and intensity of precipitation, but determining the magnitude and reproducibility of aerosol-induced changes to precipitation remains a significant challenge to experimentalists and modelers. During the CalWater Early Start campaign (22 February to 11 March 2009), a uniquely comprehensive set of atmospheric chemistry, precipitation, and meteorological measurements were made during two extratropical cyclones. These two storms showed enhanced integrated water vapor concentrations and horizontal water vapor transports due to atmospheric river conditions and, together, produced 23% of the annual precipitation and 38% of the maximum snowpack at California's Central Sierra Snow Lab (CSSL). Precipitation measurements of insoluble residues showed very different chemistry occurring during the two storms with the first one showing mostly organic species from biomass burning, whereas the second storm showed a transition from biomass burning organics to the dominance of Asian dust. As shown herein, the dust was transported across the Pacific during the second storm and became incorporated into the colder high-altitude precipitating orographic clouds over the Sierra Nevada. The second storm produced 1.4 times as much precipitation and increased the snowpack by 1.6 times at CSSL relative to the first storm. As described in previous measurement and modeling studies, dust can effectively serve as ice nuclei, leading to increased riming rates and enhanced precipitation efficiency, which ultimately can contribute to differences in precipitation. Future modeling studies will help deconvolute the meteorological, microphysical, and aerosol factors leading to these differences and will use CalWater's meteorological and aerosol observations to constrain the model-based interpretations. The ultimate goal of such combined efforts is to use the results to improve aerosol-cloud impacts on precipitation in regional climate models.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Asian dust in California orographic precipitation

Ault¹,

Williams²,

White³

et al. 2011

J. Geophys. Res.

112

160

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…SINH is a high altitude site, representing primarily regionally mixed sources from west to central India with additional influence from the Indo‐Gangetic Plains to the northeast. Both MCOH [ Corrigan et al , 2006; Ramana and Ramanathan , 2006; Adhikary et al , 2007; Holecek et al , 2007; Stone et al , 2007; Gustafsson et al , 2009; Granat et al , 2010; Ramana et al , 2010; Sheesley et al , 2011] and SINH [ Momin et al , 2005; Gustafsson et al , 2009; Budhavant et al , 2011; Coz and Leck , 2011; Raju et al , 2011], are frequently used for studies of S. Asian aerosols.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Year‐round radiocarbon‐based source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols at two background sites in South Asia

et al. 2012

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[1] Atmospheric Brown Clouds (ABC), regional-scale haze events, are a significant concern for both human cardiopulmonary health and regional climate impacts. In order to effectively mitigate this pollution-based phenomenon, it is imperative to understand the magnitude, scope and source of ABC in regions such as South Asia. Two sites in S. Asia were chosen for a 15-month field campaign focused on isotope-based source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols in [2008][2009]. Both the Maldives Climate Observatory in Hanimaadhoo (MCOH) and a mountaintop site in Sinhagad, India (SINH) act as regionally mixed receptor sites. Annual radiocarbon-based source apportionment for soot elemental carbon (SEC) at MCOH and SINH revealed 73 AE 6% and 59 AE 5% contribution from biomass combustion, respectively (remainder from fossil fuel). The contributions from biogenic/biomass combustion to total organic carbon were similar between MCOH and SINH (69 AE 5% and 64 AE 5, respectively). The biomass combustion contribution for SEC in the current study, especially the results from MCOH, shows good agreement with published black carbon emissions inventories for India. Geographic source assessment, including clustered back trajectory analysis and carbon contribution by source region, indicated that the highest SEC/TOC loads originated from the W. Indian coastal margin, including the coastal city of Mumbai, India. The winter dry season 14 C-based source apportionment of the BC-tracing SEC fraction for 2006, 2008, 2009 were not statistically different (p = 0.7) and point to a near-constant two-thirds contribution from biomass combustion practices, including wood and other biofuels as well as burning of agricultural crop residues.

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“…Insoluble residues have already provided a great deal of insight into atmospheric processes including aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions from aerosols acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN), particularly during the CalWater campaign (Ault et al, 2011; Creamean et al, 2013; Holecek et al, 2007; Creamean et al, 2014). CalWater studies focused on how particles acting as IN or CCN can modify the resulting precipitation (Ault et al, 2011; Creamean et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AnIn SituMethod for Sizing Insoluble Residues in Precipitation and Other Aqueous Samples

Axson

Creamean

Bondy

et al. 2014

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Particles are frequently incorporated into clouds or precipitation, influencing climate by acting as cloud condensation or ice nuclei, taking up coatings during cloud processing, and removing species through wet deposition. Many of these particles, particularly ice nuclei, can remain suspended within cloud droplets/crystals as insoluble residues. While previous studies have measured the soluble or bulk mass of species within clouds and precipitation, no studies to date have determined the number concentration and size distribution of insoluble residues in precipitation or cloud water using in situ methods. Herein, for the first time we demonstrate that Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) is a powerful in situ method for determining the total number concentration, number size distribution, and surface area distribution of insoluble residues in precipitation, both of rain and melted snow. The method uses 500 μL or less of liquid sample and does not require sample modification. Number concentrations for the insoluble residues in aqueous precipitation samples ranged from 2.0–3.0(±0.3)×108 particles cm−3, while surface area ranged from 1.8(±0.7)–3.2(±1.0)×107 μm2 cm−3. Number size distributions peaked between 133–150 nm, with both single and multi-modal character, while surface area distributions peaked between 173–270 nm. Comparison with electron microscopy of particles up to 10 μm show that, by number, > 97% residues are <1 μm in diameter, the upper limit of the NTA. The range of concentration and distribution properties indicates that insoluble residue properties vary with ambient aerosol concentrations, cloud microphysics, and meteorological dynamics. NTA has great potential for studying the role that insoluble residues play in critical atmospheric processes.

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Analysis of rainwater samples: Comparison of single particle residues with ambient particle chemistry from the northeast Pacific and Indian oceans

Cited by 24 publications

References 46 publications

Detection of Asian dust in California orographic precipitation

Detection of Asian dust in California orographic precipitation

Year‐round radiocarbon‐based source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols at two background sites in South Asia

AnIn SituMethod for Sizing Insoluble Residues in Precipitation and Other Aqueous Samples

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