Rainforest conversion to cash crops reduces abundance, biomass and species richness of parasitoid wasps in Sumatra, Indonesia

Azhar, Azru; Hartke, Tamara R.; Böttges, Laura; Lang, Tizian; Larasati, Anik; Novianti, Nurul; Tawakkal, Iqbal; Hidayat, Purnama; Buchori, Damayanti; Scheu, Stefan; Drescher, Jochen

doi:10.1111/afe.12512

Cited by 13 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The decline in abundance and biomass with rainforest conversion was similar in Chrysomelidae, Elateridae, and Staphylinidae but not in Curculionidae. While the former showed patterns previously reported for canopy ants, spiders, and parasitoid wasps (Azhar et al, 2022; Nazarreta et al, 2020; Ramos et al, 2022), the high abundance of Curculionidae in oil palm plantations was almost exclusively due to a single species, Elaeidobius kamerunicus . This specialist oil palm pollinator was introduced to Indonesia in 1983 and may reach densities of 57,807 ind.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Rainforest conversion to smallholder cash crops leads to varying declines of beetles (Coleoptera) on Sumatra

et al. 2022

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Southeast Asian arthropod biodiversity is in rapid decline, but the variability of responses within taxa has received little attention. Using canopy fogging, we collected ~50,000 beetles (Coleoptera) in (1) lowland rainforest, (2) jungle rubber (rubber agroforest), and smallholder monoculture plantations of (3) rubber and (4) oil palm in Sumatra, across two landscapes and seasons. On average, beetle abundance was more than 50%, and biomass over 75%, lower in rubber and oil palm plantations than in rainforest and jungle rubber. This pattern was influenced by landscape and season. Abundance and biomass declines were similar in Chrysomelidae, Elateridae, and Staphylinidae, but differed in Curculionidae, which were most abundant in oil palm due to the introduced oil palm pollinator Elaeidobius kamerunicus. Across beetle families, species richness in monocultures was reduced by at least 70% compared to rainforest, with beetle richness in jungle rubber being similar to rainforest. Community composition in oil palm plantations differed markedly from the other land‐use systems for Chrysomelidae and Curculionidae, but less for Elateridae and Staphylinidae. Turnover contributed more to overall beta diversity than nestedness for all families and land‐use systems. Likely undersampling of the beetle community in rainforest suggests that declines of beetle density and diversity are much more severe than reported here, especially for beetle families with many concealed species, such as Staphylinidae. This study provides first evidence that negative responses of beetles to tropical land‐use change vary among families, and is the first report of its kind from heavily understudied Sumatra. Abstract in Indonesia is available with online material.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Rainforest conversion to smallholder cash crops leads to varying declines of beetles (Coleoptera) on Sumatra

et al. 2022

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“…Notably, neither the abundance nor the diversity of Collembola significantly varied with season and as indicated by the lack of significant interactions between season and land-use system, this was consistent across the studied land-use systems. The same pattern was found in Braconid wasps [56]. This was unexpected since season has been reported to more strongly affect arthropod communities than tree species [78].…”

Section: Changes With Seasonsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…In Venezuelan cloud forests, Collembola have been reported to be the most abundant group of microarthropods inhabiting epiphytic bromeliads aside from Acari, suggesting that epiphytes form an important habitat for arboreal Collembola [39]. Considering the similarity of Collembola communities in jungle rubber and rainforest as well as that of other arboreal arthropods, such as ants [22], spiders [25] and parasitoid wasps [56], jungle rubber may represent an ideal land-use system for arboreal arthropods from a conservation but also a functional perspective. However, from a socioeconomic perspective, jungle rubber is no longer attractive because it requires high labor intensity but yields only low income [11,72].…”

Section: Differences Between Land-use Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used detailed (morpho)species level data to examine changes in the community composition of arboreal Collembola associated with the conversion of rainforest into plantation systems at the landscape scale and analyzed climatic variables to determine potential driving factors. Based on previous findings on other taxa in the same research framework [20,22,23,25,26,29,[53][54][55][56], we tested the following hypotheses: (1) Rainforest conversion to agroforestry systems and monocultures of rubber and oil palm are associated with a decline in abundance and diversity of arboreal Collembola. (2) The arboreal Collembola community in the jungle rubber agroforest is similar to that in the rainforest.…”

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Response of arboreal Collembola communities to the conversion of lowland rainforest into rubber and oil palm plantations

et al. 2022

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Background In the last decades, Southeast Asia has experienced massive conversion of rainforest into rubber and oil palm monoculture plantations. The effects of this land-use change on canopy arthropods are still largely unknown. Arboreal Collembola are among the most abundant canopy arthropods in tropical forests, potentially forming a major component of the canopy food web by contributing to the decomposition of arboreal litter and being an important prey for canopy arthropod predators. We investigated abundance, richness, and community composition of, as well as the influence of a series of environmental factors on, canopy Collembola communities in four land-use systems in Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia: (1) lowland rainforest, (2) jungle rubber (rubber agroforest), and monoculture plantations of (3) rubber and (4) oil palm. Results Using canopy fogging in 32 research plots in both the dry and rainy seasons in 2013, we collected 77,104 specimens belonging to 68 (morpho) species. Generally, Collembola communities were dominated by few species including two species of the genus Salina (Paronellidae; 34% of total individuals) and two species of Lepidocyrtinae (Entomobryidae; 20%). The abundance of Collembola in lowland rainforest (53.4 ± 30.7 ind. m−2) was more than five times higher than in rubber plantations, and more than ten times higher than in oil palm plantations; abundances in jungle rubber were intermediate. Collembola species richness was highest in rainforest (18.06 ± 3.60 species) and jungle rubber (16.88 ± 2.33 species), more than twice that in rubber or oil palm. Collembola community composition was similar in rainforest and jungle rubber, but different from monoculture plantations which had similar Collembola community composition to each other. The environmental factors governing community composition differed between the land-use systems and varied between seasons. Conclusions Overall, this is the first in-depth report on the structure of arboreal Collembola communities in lowland rainforest and agricultural replacement systems in Southeast Asia. The results highlight the potentially major consequences of land-use change for the functioning of arboreal arthropod food webs.

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“…Wasps including the parasitoid ones as the part of canopy arthropods play a significant role in the balance of insect population [11]. In terrestrial ecosystems, parasitoids are essential because they greatly influence the population of herbivores [12]. According to Dyer et al [13], low levels of herbivory are linked to higher levels of plant development, which in turn increases the diversity of wildlife.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Hymenoptera in the Forest Area with Special Purpose (KHDTK) Aek Nauli, North Sumatra

Siahaan

Berliani

Pangaribuan

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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As one of the four largest insect orders, Hymenoptera are important pollinators, parasitoids, and predators in the agricultural sector. The objective of this research was to study the diversity and abundance of hymenoptera in the Forest Area with Special Purpose/KHDTK Aek Nauli, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The insect sampling was conducted during the day and night using yellow and light trap technique. The results obtained a total of 13 species of Hymenoptera consisting of 45 ind. The relative abundance was recorded from 2.22 to 22.22 with the highest abundance from Vespula sp (Vespidae) and Sceliphron curvatum (Spechidae). The highest Importance Value Index (IVI) of Hymenoptera species was documented from Brachymyrmex sp. (Formicidae) at 115.56 and Polybia fastidiosuscula (Vespidae) at 106.67. The Shannon’s diversity (H’) of Hymenoptera ranged between 0.89 and 1.83 among sites or categorized as low-to-medium level of biodiversity with an evenness index (E) from 0.64 to 1.00. This finding may be noted as our first attempt in documenting the beta diversity of insects in the forest region.

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Rainforest conversion to cash crops reduces abundance, biomass and species richness of parasitoid wasps in Sumatra, Indonesia

Cited by 13 publications

References 49 publications

Rainforest conversion to smallholder cash crops leads to varying declines of beetles (Coleoptera) on Sumatra

Rainforest conversion to smallholder cash crops leads to varying declines of beetles (Coleoptera) on Sumatra

Response of arboreal Collembola communities to the conversion of lowland rainforest into rubber and oil palm plantations

Diversity of Hymenoptera in the Forest Area with Special Purpose (KHDTK) Aek Nauli, North Sumatra

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