Rainfall Simulation Associated with Typhoon Herb (1996) near Taiwan. Part I: The Topographic Effect

Wu, Chun‐Chieh; Yen, Tzu-Hsiung; Kuo, Ying‐Hwa; Wang, Wei

doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2003)017<1001:rsawth>2.0.co;2

Cited by 144 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Taiwan island (e.g., Wu et al, 2002;Chiao and Lin, 2003). However, the maximum accumulated rainfall was sometimes not well simulated and the skill of forecasts varied from time to time, which reduced greatly the value of these numerical products in hazard mitigation applications.…”

Section: K K W Cheung Et Al: Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Characterimentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of rainfall during tropical cyclone periods in Taiwan

Cheung

Huang

Lee

2008

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Due to the Central Mountain Range with an elevation up to about 4 km, the amount and distribution of rainfall in Taiwan associated with typhoons or tropical cyclones (TCs) depends not only on the distribution of convection within the TCs (internal structure) and influences from monsoon-scale environmental flow, but also on the orographic effect. This study analyzes the spatial and temporal characteristics of rainfall associated with 62 TC cases that affected Taiwan by using observations from the 371 automatic rain stations available in the period 1989-2002. It is found from the climatology maps that highly different rainfall distributions occurred for TCs that approached the Taiwan area from different directions. By performing objective clustering analysis of the rainfall time series of all the rain gauges, several characteristic temporal rainfall profiles are obtained. The geographic distribution of rain gauges that possess a particular temporal profile is also consistent with the possible TC track types that bring maximum rain to the Taiwan area at different times.Based on data in the 1989-2002 period, the development of a TC rainfall climatology-persistence (CLIPER) model is described. CLIPER is an optimized combination of climatology and persistence with different relative weighting for different forecast periods. Independent cases (other than the model development database) during 2003-2004 are used to validate the model. Objective measures like equitable threat score and bias score show that CLIPER's skill is acceptable for practical applications for 24-h rain threshold below 100 mm. However, the underestimation bias for more heavy rainfall is serious and CLIPER seems to have better performance for the northwestern Taiwan than for the other locations. Future directions for improvement of the CLIPER model are discussed.

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Section: K K W Cheung Et Al: Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Characterimentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of rainfall during tropical cyclone periods in Taiwan

Cheung

Huang

Lee

2008

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…It is well known that damages are strongly related to the location of the typhoon's landfall and interactions between its circulation and the CMR (Brand and Blelloch 1974;Wu and Kurihara, 1996;Wu and Kuo, 1999;Lin et al, 2001;Chien et al, 2008;Ge et al, 2010). Previous studies pointed out that enormous amounts of rainfall occur and are enhanced due to mountain lifting when a typhoon passes over the CMR (Wu and Kuo, 1999;Lin et al, 2001Wu et al, 2002;Yang et al, 2008). Moreover, it is common that the strong southwesterly flow follows the departure of an invading typhoon and brings heavy rainfall over central or Southern Taiwan Chien et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoscale processes for super heavy rainfall of Typhoon Morakot (2009) over Southern Taiwan

et al. 2011

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Abstract.Within 100 h, a record-breaking rainfall, 2855 mm, was brought to Taiwan by typhoon Morakot in August 2009 resulting in devastating landslides and casualties. Analyses and simulations show that under favorable largescale situations, this unprecedented precipitation was caused first by the convergence of the southerly component of the pre-existing strong southwesterly monsoonal flow and the northerly component of the typhoon circulation. Then the westerly component of southwesterly flow pushed the highly moist air (mean specific humidity >16 g/kg between 950 and 700 hPa from NCEP GFS data set) eastward against the Central Mountain Range, and forced it to lift in the preferred area. From the fine-scale numerical simulation, not only did the convergence itself provide the source of the heavy rainfall when it interacted with the topography, but also convective cells existed within the typhoon's main rainband. The convective cells were in the form of small rainbands perpendicular to the main one, and propagated as wave trains downwind. As the main rainband moved northward and reached the southern CMR, convective cells inside the narrow convergence zone to the south and those to the north as wave trains, both rained heavily as they were lifted by the west-facing mountain slopes. Those mesoscale processes were responsible for the unprecedented heavy rainfall total that accompanied this typhoon.

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“…Figure 3a represents the temporal change of the typhoon intensity, which derived from minimum sea level pressure. As many research indicated, the quantitative reproduction of the minimum pressure in the model is still very difficult (Wu et al 2002). However, the characteristics that the minimum pressure increased after 0600 UTC 17 December in reanalysis data was reproduced in the simulations.…”

Section: Control Run a Validation Of Model Outputmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Because the main focus of this research is the utilization of RSM, hydro-static model was utilized in this research. This is because previous research showed that 6.7km grid resolution, which can be resolved with hydrostatic scale, is sufficient to reproduce the distribution of orographic precipitation (Wu et al 2002). Because relatively few typhoon studies have used RSM, this research represents a major trial for future progress in the understanding of typhoons.…”

Section: Model Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lin et al (2002) estimated the effect of the model resolution on orographic rainfall reproduction at various resolutions and showed that less than 15-km resolution is suitable for numerical orographic rainfall simulations with typhoons in Taiwan. According to Wu et al (2002), both of 6.7 km and 2.2 km grid spacing resolution is similarly sufficient to reproduce the rainfall distribution by the orographic effect in Taiwan. As Yang et al (2008) showed, sensitivity experiments with different terrains are effective to investigate topographic influences on land-falling typhoons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Orographic Effect on the Precipitation with Typhoon Washi in the Mindanao Island of the Philippines

Minamide

Yoshimura

2014

SOLA

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We examined the orographic effect of Mindanao Island in the Philippines on the distribution of precipitation from Typhoon Washi. The National Centers for Environmental Protection (NCEP) and US Department of Energy (DOE) Reanalysis data were downscaled using a regional spectral model to reproduce the typhoon in detail. A heat budget analysis revealed the reason for the absence of precipitation over the mountain in the center of Mindanao Island. Sensitivity experiments with various artificial terrains were conducted to estimate the orographic effect on the precipitation distribution. The peak rainfall, which occurred on the west side of Mt. Ragang, was caused by the interaction between the typhoon and both Mt. Ragang and Mt. Malindang. A rich source of heat and moisture is indispensable for typhoon rainfall. However, without a mountain, a typhoon would not cause heavy precipitation even after trespassing. Divergence of the typhoon wind due to one or more mountains is shown to be the key factor behind the heavy rainfall over land from Typhoon Washi in 2011.(Citation: Minamide, M. and K. Yoshimura, 2014: Orographic effect on the precipitation with Typhoon Washi in the Mindanao

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Rainfall Simulation Associated with Typhoon Herb (1996) near Taiwan. Part I: The Topographic Effect

Cited by 144 publications

References 24 publications

Characteristics of rainfall during tropical cyclone periods in Taiwan

Characteristics of rainfall during tropical cyclone periods in Taiwan

Mesoscale processes for super heavy rainfall of Typhoon Morakot (2009) over Southern Taiwan

Orographic Effect on the Precipitation with Typhoon Washi in the Mindanao Island of the Philippines

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