Rainfall Rates in Florida Hurricanes

Miller, Banner I.

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1958)086<0258:rrifh>2.0.co;2

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…5b). Many studies have found precipitation (Cline 1926;Miller 1958;Frank 1977;Rodgers et al 1994) or upward vertical velocity (Jorgensen et al 1985) maxima right of storm motion. CM03 found most lightning occurs right of motion as well.…”

Section: ) Spatial Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Convective Evolution and Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Earl (2010)

Stevenson

Corbosiero

Molinari

2014

Monthly Weather Review

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The relationship between an inner-core (r , 100 km) lightning outbreak and the subsequent rapid intensification (RI) of Hurricane Earl (2010) is examined using lightning strikes recorded by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) and in situ observations from various aircraft missions. Moderate (8.4 m s 21 ) northeasterly deep-layer (850-200 hPa) vertical wind shear, caused by outflow from Hurricane Danielle, existed over Earl at the beginning of a prolonged period of RI. Over 70% of the lightning strikes within a 500-km radius occurred downshear, with a preference toward downshear right in the outer rainbands, in agreement with previous studies.The location of inner-core strikes in Earl differed markedly from previous studies. The inner-core lightning activity precessed from left of shear to upshear, an extremely rare event, beginning just prior to the onset of RI. Diagnosis of the vortex tilt midway through the lightning precession showed this convection was occurring downtilt in the upshear-left quadrant; however, limited observations could not confirm if the vortex tilt was precessing with the lightning. Elevated values of low-level relative humidity and CAPE were also found upshear and supported the inner-core convection, which was found to occur within the radius of maximum wind (RMW). Previous studies have shown that convection located inside the RMW promotes intensification. It is hypothesized that intensification may have occurred in part because the vertical wind shear acted to reduce the upshear tilt, and the occurrence of convection inside the RMW helped to enhance the warm core.

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Section: ) Spatial Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Convective Evolution and Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Earl (2010)

Stevenson

Corbosiero

Molinari

2014

Monthly Weather Review

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“…Miller (1958) examined the composite and frequency distribution of hourly rain amounts for 16 Florida hurricanes with respect to their center. He found that the mean rain rate in the 1°box directly surrounding the storm center was about a factor of 2 higher than the mean rain rate in the remaining outer domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hurricane “Rainfall Potential” Derived from Satellite Observations Aids Overland Rainfall Prediction

Jiang

Halverson

Simpson

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission-based National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (MPA) product is used to quantify the rainfall distribution in tropical cyclones that made landfall in the United States during 1998-2004. A total of 37 tropical cyclones (TC) are examined, including 2680 three-hourly MPA precipitation observations. Rainfall distributions for overland and overocean observations are compared. It is found that the TC rainfall over ocean bears a strong relationship with the TC maximum wind, whereas the relationship for overland conditions is much weaker. The rainfall potential is defined by using the satellite-derived rain rate, the satellite-derived storm size, and the storm translation speed. This study examines the capability of the overocean rainfall potential to predict a storm's likelihood of producing heavy rain over land. High correlations between rain potentials before landfall and the maximum storm total rain over land are found using the dataset of the 37 landfalling TCs. Correlations are higher with the average rain potential on the day prior to landfall than with averages over any other time period. A TC overland rainfall index is introduced based on the rainfall potential study. This index can be used to predict the storm peak rainfall accumulation over land. Six landfalling storms during the 2005 Atlantic Ocean hurricane season are examined to verify the capability of using this index to forecast the maximum storm total rain over land in the United States. The range of the maximum storm overland rain forecast error for these six storms is between 2.5% and 24.8%.

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“…The effect of storm motion on TC rainfall asymmetry has been documented in various observational studies (e.g., Miller 1958;Frank 1977;Marks 1985;Burpee and Black 1989;Rodgers et al 1994;LMC). Rainfall is generally observed to have a maximum ahead of the TC center, which indicates the importance of surface friction-induced low-level convergence.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Vertical Wind Shear and Storm Motion on Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Asymmetries Deduced from TRMM

Chen

Knaff

Marks

2006

Monthly Weather Review

358

324

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Vertical wind shear and storm motion are two of the most important factors contributing to rainfall asymmetries in tropical cyclones (TCs). Global TC rainfall structure, in terms of azimuthal distribution and asymmetries relative to storm motion, has been previously described using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager rainfall estimates. The mean TC rainfall distribution and the wavenumber-1 asymmetry vary with storm intensity and geographical location among the six oceanic basins. This study uses a similar approach to investigate the relationship between the structure of TC rainfall and the environmental flow by computing the rainfall asymmetry relative to the vertical wind shear. The environmental vertical wind shear is defined as the difference between the mean wind vectors of the 200-and 850-hPa levels over an outer region extending from the radius of 200-800 km around the storm center. The wavenumber-1 maximum rainfall asymmetry is downshear left (right) in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere. The rainfall asymmetry decreases (increases) with storm intensity (shear strength). The rainfall asymmetry maximum is predominantly downshear left for shear values Ͼ 7.5 m s Ϫ1. Large asymmetries are usually observed away from the TC centers. As TC intensity increases, the asymmetry maximum shifts upwind to the left. The analysis is further extended to examine the storm motion and the vertical wind shear and their collective effects on TC rainfall asymmetries. It is found that the vertical wind shear is a dominant factor for the rainfall asymmetry when shear is Ͼ5 m s Ϫ1. The storm motion-relative rainfall asymmetry in the outer rainband region is comparable to that of shear relative when the shear is Ͻ5 m s Ϫ1, suggesting that TC translation speed becomes an important factor in the low shear environment. The overall TC rainfall asymmetry depends on the juxtaposition and relative magnitude of the storm motion and environmental shear vectors in all oceanic basins.

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Rainfall Rates in Florida Hurricanes

Cited by 43 publications

References 1 publication

The Convective Evolution and Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Earl (2010)

The Convective Evolution and Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Earl (2010)

Hurricane “Rainfall Potential” Derived from Satellite Observations Aids Overland Rainfall Prediction

Effects of Vertical Wind Shear and Storm Motion on Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Asymmetries Deduced from TRMM

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