Rainfall Measurements Due to Radio Frequency Signal Attenuation at 2 GHz

Christofilakis, Vasilis; Tatsis, Giorgos; Votis, Constantinos T.; Chronopoulos, Spyridon K.; Kostarakis, P.; Lolis, C. J.; Bartzokas, A.

doi:10.4236/jsip.2018.93011

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Only a few studies are mainly based on the measurements of the RSSI on terminals in the GSM or wi‐fi bands. For this reason, it is difficult to make a direct comparison with the present measurements and the proposed estimation model, although the repeatability of the present measurements for events up to 0.8 mm is confirmed (Christofilakis et al ., 2018). Fang and Yang (2016), among others, present 23 measurements for the RSSI attenuation versus rain rate for the 1.8 GHz band of the GSM at YZU.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These values are too close to that presented in the present study as well as to the measurements for rain amounts < 1 mm presented by Christofilakis et al . (2018). With a commercial terminal with 1 dBm accuracy (Gustilo, 2018), the present authors correlated rain with signal attenuation at 5.8 GHz, and the estimated co‐efficients were d = 0.2045 and c = 1.35.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The whole experimental set-up and tuning required almost one year of preliminary test procedures in order to produce the first reliable prototype model. Both antennas, the transmitter and the receiver, were designed and implemented in the Physics Department of the University of Ioannina (UOI) (Christofilakis et al, 2018;Tatsis et al, 2018). Ioannina is located in a plateau at 500 m in northwestern Greece, surrounded by high mountains, especially to the east, with summits up to 2,500 m. It is one of the rainiest areas of the country, with a mean annual precipitation of 1,088 mm and a mean annual number of rain days of 124.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A rain estimation model based on microwave signal attenuation measurements in the city of Ioannina, Greece

Christofilakis

Tatsis

Lolis

et al. 2020

Meteorological Applications

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Rain monitoring through signal attenuation has been a significant concern for the scientific community over the last decade. The lowest L‐, S‐ and C‐bands in the microwave spectrum are full of potential for environmental monitoring devices. It has not been extensively proven whether signal attenuation can be used for rain estimation throughout the microwave spectrum in the region of 1–6 GHz. The study derives a power‐law rain estimation model by validating the one year data for the amount of rain and signal attenuation at the lowest limit of the S‐band. This is achieved by a prototype accurate experimental set‐up in a laboratory environment at the campus of the University of Ioannina, northwest Greece. A comparison with global rain attenuation models as well as measurements near this frequency band are also presented and discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A rain estimation model based on microwave signal attenuation measurements in the city of Ioannina, Greece

Christofilakis

Tatsis

Lolis

et al. 2020

Meteorological Applications

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“…For the needs of the study, namely the validation of the satellite algorithm, measurements from eight different meteorological stations, spread across the whole Epirus Region (Greece), were used ( Figure 1). The meteorological stations provide measurements for the rainfall every 30 minutes [7,8]. Figure 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Satellite-Based Rain Estimation Algorithm Using a Network of Meteorological Stations. Preliminary Results in a Region with Complex Terrain

Kolios

Hatzianastassiou

Lolis

2020

The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Atmospheric Sciences

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The present study is a first attempt to quantitatively evaluate an existing satellite-based rain estimation algorithm using measurements from a network of ground-based meteorological stations. The study domain is the Epirus Region (the rainiest region in Greece) where the laboratory of Meteorology and Climatology of Ioannina University operates eight meteorological stations distributed across the study domain. The utilized version of the rain estimation algorithm is using the Meteosat-11 Brightness Temperature in the 10.8 μm channel (BT10.8μm) to estimate the rain intensity on a 4 Κm pixel basis, after discriminating the rain/non-rain pixels with a simple thresholding method. The rain recordings of the meteorological stations' network were spatiotemporally correlated with the Meteosat-11 data. These correlations led to a dataset with 1323 pairs of rain recordings and their relative rain estimations from the satellite-based algorithm. A statistical analysis of these pairs of values was conducted revealing a Mean Error (ME) of 0.22 mm/hr (14% error with respect to the mean value of the recordings). The computed Probability of False Detection (POFD), Probability of Detection (POD) and the bias score are equal to 0.22, 0.69 and 0.88, respectively. The evaluation statistics are promising for operationally using this algorithm for rain estimation on a real-time basis.

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“…A fundamental quantity in the calculation of rain attenuation is the specific rain attenuation (A) which is given in dB/km. The losses due to rain (A rain ) are related to specific rain attenuation, in the case whereas the rainfall is uniformly distributed along the physical path length with L [25] between the transmitter and the receiver:…”

Section: Signal and Rainfall Measurement Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth-to-Earth Microwave Rain Attenuation Measurements: A Survey On the Recent Literature

et al. 2020

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Many works have been conducted relevant to rainfall measurements, while the first relevant ones were based on the power loss estimation function from wireless links located back to the early 1940s. It is notable, though, that this innovative idea conduced to many theoretical models correlating the signal attenuation to the rainfall intensity. This type of parameter strongly contributes to the mechanism of frequency attenuation above 10 GHz. Consequently, in the last twenty years, there has been a significant boost to this research topic. Researchers all around the world have worked thoroughly on the issue of estimating rain with the use of earth-to-earth microwave signal attenuation. Nevertheless, the issue remains intriguing and challenging. This paper presents a literature survey, of the last decade, on this challenging issue focusing on measurements from backhaul cellular microwave links and experimental setups. Research challenges and future trends are also presented.

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Rainfall Measurements Due to Radio Frequency Signal Attenuation at 2 GHz

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

A rain estimation model based on microwave signal attenuation measurements in the city of Ioannina, Greece

A rain estimation model based on microwave signal attenuation measurements in the city of Ioannina, Greece

Evaluation of a Satellite-Based Rain Estimation Algorithm Using a Network of Meteorological Stations. Preliminary Results in a Region with Complex Terrain

Earth-to-Earth Microwave Rain Attenuation Measurements: A Survey On the Recent Literature

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