Rainfall Intensities and Attenuation of Centimeter Electromagnetic Waves

Wexler, Raymond; Weinstein, Julius

doi:10.1109/jrproc.1948.233919

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This concern was the motive behind intensive research efforts to characterize the response of transmission channels on the signal at different frequency bands during heavy rain seasons. The work of Mueller, Robertson and King, Anderson et al, and Wexler and Weinstein are among the earliest studies conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of RA. Additionally, in early 1990s, two empirical studies were reported in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) and Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain attenuation and worst month statistics verification and modeling for 5G radio link system at 26 GHz in Malaysia

Shayea

Nissirat

Nisirat

et al. 2019

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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The explosive daily dependence on wireless communication services necessitates the research to establish ultrawideband communication systems with ultrahigh bit rate transmission capabilities. The advent of the fifth-generation (5G) microwave link transmitting at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency band is a promising technology to accommodate the escalating demand for wireless services. In this frequency band, however, the behavior of the transmission channel and its climatic properties are a major concern. This is of particular importance in tropical regions where the climate is mainly rainy with large raindrop size and high rainfall rate that may interact destructively with the propagating signal and cause total attenuation for the signal. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) introduced a global rain attenuation model to characterize the effect of rain on the propagating signal at a wideband of frequencies. The validity of this model in tropical regions is still an open question for research. In this paper, real measurements are conducted at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia, to investigate the impact of rain on the propagation of mm-waves at 26 GHz over the microwave 5G radio link system. Rainfall rate and rain attenuation data sets are collected for one year at one sample per min sampling rate. Both data sets are used to estimate signal propagation conditions in comparison to the ITU model prediction. From the presented results, it is found that at 0.01% percentage of time and rainfall rate of about 120 mm/hr, the propagated signal would experience 26.2 dB losses per kilometer traveled. In addition, there is a significant deviation between the empirical estimation of the worst month parameters and the ITU worst month parameter prediction. Similarly, rainfall rate and rain attenuation estimated through the ITU model imposes a large deviation as compared with the measurements. Furthermore, more accurate empirical worst month parameters are proposed that yielded more accurate estimation of the worst month rainfall and rain attenuation predictions in comparison to the ITU model predictions. Trans Emerging Tel Tech. 2019;30:e3697. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ett

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain attenuation and worst month statistics verification and modeling for 5G radio link system at 26 GHz in Malaysia

Shayea

Nissirat

Nisirat

et al. 2019

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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“…The GA estimation algorithm utilizes the percentage of time and rainfall rate datasets recorded for a specific period of time in minutes. The parameters in (14) are, then, estimated to best fit the dataset for the given period of time. The estimated parameters are used to predict 1 min percentage of time based on rainfall rate.…”

Section: Worst Month Parameters Estimation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This enhancement observed in ITU method 2 may be attributed to the robustness of the model presented as well as accounting for rain thermal effects in the estimation process. Moreover, ITU method 2 enabled the use of empirical data for estimating the parameters in (14) which has a positive effect to customize the model for specific site. Therefore, ITU method 2 provided reliability of estimation and modeling of rainfall rates and rain attenuation in Malaysiasâ Ȃ Ź like climate.…”

Section: C Modelling For the Worst Monthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, in 1948, Wexler [14] presented the impact of rain on radar x-band range (8)(9)(10)(11)(12).Ultimately, the end of 20th century witnessed a remarkable increasing demand on wireless communication technologies. Millimeter waves were, therefore, proposed in modern wireless systems to facilitate the demand on wireless communication technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of ITU models performance in predicting Malaysia′s tropical Rainfall Rate and Rain Attenuation at 26GHz mm-wave propagation

Nissirat¹,

Al-Samawi²,

Shayea³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…These studies have been conducted to enquire and foretell the attenuation of rain in various areas for different frequency bands. The previous studies were carried out by Robertson and King [2], Mueller [3], Wexler and Weinstein [4], and Anderson et al [5]. In the work executed by Mueller [3], the actual ratings were designed to test for long distance rainfall reduction by 0.62 cm (cm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Link Budget Analysis for 5G Communication in the Tropical Regions

Patra¹,

Mitra

2020

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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In the tropical regions, when a signal is transmitted from a transmitter to a receiver, the signal gets highly attenuated because of heavy rainfall. By using different diversity techniques, this signal attenuation is minimized. The multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is an antenna diversity technique, and in this paper, this technique has been applied to the proposed communication link model designed for 5G communication in the tropical regions. Here, a proposed link budget has been set down to enhance the signal power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver. In this paper, an experimental data sheet has also been adopted to achieve the desired result of the proposed link budget. In fine, a comparison of assumption values of the proposed link budget with practical values obtained from the experimental data sheet has been displayed in the result analysis part.

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Rainfall Intensities and Attenuation of Centimeter Electromagnetic Waves

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Rain attenuation and worst month statistics verification and modeling for 5G radio link system at 26 GHz in Malaysia

Rain attenuation and worst month statistics verification and modeling for 5G radio link system at 26 GHz in Malaysia

Comparison of ITU models performance in predicting Malaysia′s tropical Rainfall Rate and Rain Attenuation at 26GHz mm-wave propagation

Link Budget Analysis for 5G Communication in the Tropical Regions

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