Rain pollination provides reproductive assurance in a deceptive orchid

Fan, Xu-Li; Barrett, Spencer C. H.; Lin, Hua; Zhou, Xiang; Gao, Jiang-Yun

doi:10.1093/aob/mcs165

Cited by 28 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This leaf strategy could be maintained in arid, desert environments—where water is limited—through ephemeral life histories, including rapid deployment of leaves and completion of the life cycle following rain, followed by energy conservation in tuberous rhizomes in dry periods (Noy‐Meir, ). Orchid flowering, seed set, and even pollination are sometimes triggered by rainfall events (Bodley, Beggs, Toft, & Gaskett, ; Brown & York, ; Fan et al, ). Some orchid species exhibit leaf trait adaptations compatible with drought conditions (e.g., sunken stoma, thick surface cuticles in Slipper Orchids, Paphiopedilum ; Guan, Zhang, Guan, Li, & Hu, ) and so their paucity in Australian deserts may not be due to a lack of adaptive potential for arid environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orchid diversity: Spatial and climatic patterns from herbarium records

Gaskett

Gallagher

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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AimWe test for spatial and climatic patterns of diversification in the Orchidaceae, an angiosperm family characterized by high levels of species diversity and rarity. Globally, does orchid diversity correlate with land area? In Australia, does diversity correlate with herbarium collecting effort, range size, or climate niche breadth? Where are Australia's orchids distributed spatially, in protected areas, and in climate space?LocationGlobal, then Australia.MethodsWe compared orchid diversity with land area for continents and recognized orchid diversity hotspots. Then, we used cleaned herbarium records to compare collecting effort (for Australian Orchidaceae vs. all other plant families, and also among orchid genera). Spatial and climate distributions were mapped to determine orchids’ coverage in the protected area network, range sizes, and niche breadths.ResultsGlobally, orchid diversity does not correlate with land area (depauperate regions are the subantarctic: 10 species, and northern North America: 394 species). Australian herbarium records and collecting effort generally reflect orchid species diversity (1,583 spp.), range sizes, and niche breadths. Orchids are restricted to 13% of Australia's landmass with 211 species absent from any protected areas. Species richness is the greatest in three biomes with high general biodiversity: Temperate (especially southwest and southeast Australia), Tropical, and Subtropical (coastal northern Queensland). Absence from the Desert is consistent with our realized climate niche—orchids avoid high temperature/low rainfall environments. Orchids have narrower range sizes than nonorchid species. Highly diverse orchid genera have narrower rainfall breadths than less diverse genera.Main conclusionsHerbarium data are adequate for testing hypotheses about Australian orchids. Distribution is likely driven by environmental factors. In contrast, diversification did not correlate with increases in range size, rainfall, or temperature breadths, suggesting speciation does not occur via invasion and local adaptation to new habitats. Instead, diversification may rely on access to extensive obligate symbioses with mycorrhizae and/or pollinators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orchid diversity: Spatial and climatic patterns from herbarium records

Gaskett

Gallagher

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Populations flower during the rainy season when pollinator activity is limited, yet unlike most deceitful orchids plants exhibit high fruit set. This paradox was recently resolved by the discovery that pollination is achieved by raindrop-mediated self-pollination, a phenomenon known as ombrophily [29]. Although flowers are self-compatible (SC), they are incapable of autonomous selfpollination in the absence of rain.…”

Section: (B) Evolution From Specializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of plant reproductive systems: how often are transitions irreversible?

2013

Self Cite

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Flowering plants are characterized by striking variation in reproductive systems, and the evolutionary lability of their sexual traits is often considered a major driver of lineage diversification. But, evolutionary transitions in reproductive form and function are never entirely unconstrained and many changes exhibit strong directionality. Here, I consider why this occurs by examining transitions in pollination, mating and sexual systems, some of which have been considered irreversible. Among pollination systems, shifts from bee to hummingbird pollination are rarely reversible, whereas transitions from animal to wind pollination are occasionally reversed. Specialized pollination systems can become destabilized through a loss of pollinator service resulting in a return to generalized pollination, or more commonly a reliance on selfpollination. Homomorphic and heteromorphic self-incompatibility systems have multiple origins but breakdown to self-compatibility occurs much more frequently with little evidence for subsequent gains, at least over short time-spans. Similarly, numerous examples of the shift from outcrossing to predominant self-fertilization are known, but cases of reversal are very limited supporting the view that autogamy usually represents an evolutionary dead-end. The evolution of dioecy from hermaphroditism has also been considered irreversible, although recent evidence indicates that the occurrence of sex inconstancy and hybridization can lead to the origin of derived sexual systems from dioecy. The directionality of many transitions clearly refutes the notion of unconstrained reproductive flexibility, but novel adaptive solutions generally do not retrace earlier patterns of trait evolution.

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“…, Fan et al. ). Unlike Liparis loeselii and Oeceoclades maculata , which are capable of autonomous self‐pollination and in which rainfall can increase the frequency of self‐pollination (Catling , González‐Díaz and Ackerman , Aguiar et al.…”

Section: Effect Of Pollination Treatment On Fruit Set Seed Mass Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), whereas rain‐assisted self‐pollination led to fruit set of 8.4–41.5% in Acampe rigida (Fan et al. ) and 50–54% in O. maculata (González‐Díaz and Ackerman ). Therefore, fruit set of L. kumokiri is comparable to those of A. rigida and O. maculata .…”

Section: Effect Of Pollination Treatment On Fruit Set Seed Mass Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain‐triggered self‐pollination in Liparis kumokiri, an orchid that blooms during the rainy season

Suetsugu

2019

Ecology

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Rain pollination provides reproductive assurance in a deceptive orchid

Abstract: A. rigida flowers during the rainy season, when pollinators are scarce, and ombrophily functions to provide reproductive assurance without compromising opportunities for outcrossing.

Cited by 28 publications

References 27 publications

Orchid diversity: Spatial and climatic patterns from herbarium records

Orchid diversity: Spatial and climatic patterns from herbarium records

The evolution of plant reproductive systems: how often are transitions irreversible?

Rain‐triggered self‐pollination in Liparis kumokiri, an orchid that blooms during the rainy season

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