Rain forests and movement ecology of neotropical primates

Abstract

Movement ecology of arboreal monkeys in Central America involves the action of diverse body postures to address challenges in rain forests, where scattered resources and complex habitat structure demand that a primate frequently employ extreme physical finesse to survive. What is not clearly understood about this area of study is the connection between primate body postures as responses to specific types of forest architecture and how forest structure may influence a monkey's continued capacity for wide-ranging mobility over time. We studied tree canopy structure and branch connectivity associated with the movement ecology of black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi), mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata), Geoffroy's tamarins (Saguinus geoffroyi), and white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) in Panama and Costa Rica. Laboratory study of primate cadaver pelvises was done at UC Davis, Oregon Osteology Lab, and the Denver Museum. Rain forests appear to induce wide-ranging leg movements in wild neotropical monkeys that were not observed in the same species of monkeys inhabiting artificial environments. We also found that a wild primate employs frequent wide-ranging leg movement that result in widely dispersed contacts between the articulating surfaces within the hip, potentially maintaining cartilage and contributing to the longevity of that joint. Thus, a connection may exist between rain forests, the leg action of wild monkeys, and the continued capacity to move over time in this group of long-lived animals. postures as responses to specific types of forest architecture and how forest structure may influence a monkey's continued capacity for wide-ranging mobility over time. We studied tree canopy structure and branch connectivity associated with the movement ecology of blackhanded spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi), mantled howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata), Geoffroy's tamarins (Saguinus geoffroyi), and white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) in Panama and Costa Rica. Laboratory study of primate cadaver pelvises was done at UC Davis, Oregon Osteology Lab, and the Denver Museum. Rain forests appear to induce wide-ranging leg movements in wild neotropical monkeys that were not observed in the same species of monkeys inhabiting artificial environments. We also found that a wild primate employs frequent wide-ranging leg movement that result in widely dispersed contacts between the articulating surfaces within the hip, potentially maintaining cartilage and contributing to the longevity of that joint. Thus, a connection may exist between rain forests, the leg action of wild monkeys, and the continued capacity to move over time in this group of long-lived animals.PeerJ PrePrints | https://dx.doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1002v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access |

Encrochat: The Hacker with a Warrant and Fair Trials?

“…37 It might be that the UK court decision was directed against the archaic exclusionary rule in English law against interception evidence. Nevertheless, the decision was criticized for its long-term negative effects on privacy and telecommunication secrecy, as well as for failing to recognize foreign, unlawfully, and improperly obtained evidence which also raises serious questions as to its reliability (Goodwin, 2021), (Madden, 2021) Defence experts argued that on a case-by-case basis the defendants must request access to the data sets available in the UK and cross-examine relevant information regarding their case for its reliability, accuracy, and correct attribution to the suspect (Gardiner and Sommer, 2021). However, as a general argument, Encrochat evidence can be excluded as unfair and obtained in breach of human rights provisions (section 78 PACE), or because it constituted bulk interception, not targetedand therefore lacked a legal basis (Gardiner and Sommer, 2021).…”

Gabber rigidity in hermitian K-theory

“…Standard examples of form parameters capture the notion of quadratic, even and symmetric forms (as well as their skew-quadratic, skew-even and skew-symmetric cousins) with associated Poincaré structures Ϙ ±gq , Ϙ ±ge and Ϙ ±gs . A further example is provided by the Burnside Poincaré structure Ϙ b whose L-theory was calculated explicitly for Z in [3, example 1.3.18] and whose 0'th Grothendieck-Witt group was studied for commutative rings with 2 invertible in the PhD thesis of Dylan Madden [10]. With this notation fixed, we have the following result.…”