Railroad Ballast Sizing and Grading

Raymond, G P; Diyaljee, Vishnu

doi:10.1061/ajgeb6.0000803

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Mosaid (1983) carried out triaxial consolidation drainage shear tests on materials with the particle size of 0.6-6.4 mm, 0.6-12.7 mm, 0.6-25.4 mm, 0.6-50.8 mm, and 0.6-76.2 mm, respectively; the tests results indicated that an increase in particle size would increase the shear strength of sample. Raymond and Diyaljee (1979) also obtained the same test result. Through conducting direct shear tests on mixture of sand (0-2 mm) and gravel (2-6 mm, 2-20 mm), Simoni and Houlsby (2006) and Hubler et al (2014) noticed that material with larger grains showed a higher value of constant volume friction angle.…”

Section: Responsible Editor: Zeynal Abiddin Ergulersupporting

confidence: 59%

Evaluation of rock size on the mechanical behavior and deformation performance of soil-rock mixture: a meso-scale numerical and theoretical study

Zhang

2021

Arab J Geosci

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Rock size has a significant impact on the mechanical behavior and deformation performance of soil-rock mixture. This paper aims at investigating and isolating the effect of rock size on the soil-rock mixture in mechanical behavior and deformation behavior and making clear how this factor influences them. Taking the material heterogeneity into account, a two-dimensional meso-scale numerical method for modeling soil-rock mixture is presented, which considers the rocks and soil matrix as separate constituents. Based on the comparison of stress-strain relationships between the numerical simulations and laboratory tests, it is validated that the meso-scale model could describe the macroscopic mechanical behavior of soil-rock mixture well. Then, using the meso-scale method, 160 groups of simulations on soil-rock mixture with different rock sizes under different rock contents are carried out. The shear strength and deformation performance of soil-rock mixture are explored, and their variation laws with rock sizes are discussed subsequently. The simulation results indicate that the soil-rock mixture samples with smaller rocks exhibit a higher peak shear strength, which shows a linear changing trend with rock size. There are no significant changes that took place in the initial elastic modulus under different rock sizes. However, the shear failure modes will present three types as tympany, necking, and cross shear band with the change of rock size. Finally, the influence mechanism of rock size on SRM shear strength and deformation performance is analyzed theoretically.

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Section: Responsible Editor: Zeynal Abiddin Ergulersupporting

confidence: 59%

Evaluation of rock size on the mechanical behavior and deformation performance of soil-rock mixture: a meso-scale numerical and theoretical study

Zhang

2021

Arab J Geosci

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“…They tested three gradings, noted in Figure 1. Furthermore, when they compared uniformly graded ballasts alone (38-mm against 4.76-mm maximum grain size), the smaller-sized ballast was shown to give less-permanent deformation (2). Thus, where permanent strain is a major concern, the advantage of smaller-sized single-graded ballast should be considered.…”

Section: Roar Nålsundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Grading on Degradation of Crushed-Rock Railway Ballast and on Permanent Axial Deformation

Nålsund

2010

Transportation Research Record

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A series of large-scale repeated-load triaxial tests on a crushed metasandstone railway ballast is described. The effects of different gradings on degradation and accumulation of permanent strain are investigated. The material tested was a mechanically strong ballast aggregate with grading curves similar to the envelope curves in the Norwegian railway ballast specification (EN13450, Category E) and the finer grading in the American Railroad Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association's (AREMA) ballast (AREMA 4) commonly used in the United States on railway mainline tracks. The scope of the research was to assess the influence of grading on ballast breakage and permanent vertical deformation. Breakage and production of fines influence ballast service life, and permanent strain from tamping affects the duration of track alignment. As an approach to simulate the impact from ballast tamping, each test specimen was loaded totally with 4 million load repetitions but dismantled and rebuilt after each 1 million load applications. The results of the study indicate that an increase in average grain size to a single-graded ballast material gives more permanent strain, more ballast breakage, and slightly more production of fines less than 0.063 mm. The recompaction after each tamping operation is the main cause of ballast breakage.

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Weathering resistance of Linz–Donawitz (LD) slag as ballast material using freeze-thaw and sulfate soundness

Alves

Gomes

2023

Transportation Geotechnics

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Railroad Ballast Sizing and Grading

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of rock size on the mechanical behavior and deformation performance of soil-rock mixture: a meso-scale numerical and theoretical study

Evaluation of rock size on the mechanical behavior and deformation performance of soil-rock mixture: a meso-scale numerical and theoretical study

Effect of Grading on Degradation of Crushed-Rock Railway Ballast and on Permanent Axial Deformation

Weathering resistance of Linz–Donawitz (LD) slag as ballast material using freeze-thaw and sulfate soundness

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