Raid, Retreat, Defend (Repeat): The Archaeology and Ethnohistory of Warfare on the North Pacific Rim

Maschner, Herbert D. G.; Reedy-Maschner, K

doi:10.1006/jaar.1997.0315

Cited by 84 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Peninsula has been the focus of intensive research for nearly 15 years (Maschner 1998, 1999a,b, 2008, Maschner and Reedy-Maschner 1998, 2005, Jordan 2000, Jordan and Maschner 2000, Maschner and Jordan 2001, 2008, Hoffman 2002, Maschner and Bentley 2003, Maschner and Hoffman 2003). When these data are combined with previous studies from the region (Weyer 1930, Workman 1966, McCartney 1969, Okada 1980, Yesner 1985, Johnson 1988, Johnson and Winslow 1991, Holland 1992, Johnson and Wilmerding 2001, a rather complete regional overview is possible.…”

Section: Archaeological Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Introduction to the Biocomplexity of Sanak Island, Western Gulf of Alaska

et al. 2009

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The Sanak Biocomplexity Project is a transdisciplinary research effort focused on a small island archipelago 50 km south of the Alaska Peninsula in the western Gulf of Alaska. This team of archaeologists, terrestrial ecologists, social anthropologists, intertidal ecologists, geologists, oceanographers, paleoecologists, and modelers is seeking to understanding the role of the ancient, historic, and modern Aleut in the structure and functioning of local and regional ecosystems. Using techniques ranging from systematic surveys to stable isotope chemistry, long-term shifts in social dynamics and ecosystem structure are present in the context of changing climatic regimes and human impacts. This paper presents a summary of a range of our preliminary findings.

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Section: Archaeological Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Introduction to the Biocomplexity of Sanak Island, Western Gulf of Alaska

et al. 2009

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“…They are easily exploited every new and full moon during these low spring tides, and a forager who understands this can exploit them at high returns during these times [65,66] at levels that can exceed the return-rate of hunting [67]. Owing to this dense and predictable nature of coastal resources, coastal huntergatherers are some of the most territorial and conflict-ridden among all known hunter-gatherers [50,[68][69][70][71]. In summary, the highly seasonal resources that typically lead to low residential mobility, storage, complex technologies and reduction of egalitarianism are often dense and predictable, but not always.…”

Section: Integrating Intergroup Conflict and The General Hunter-gathementioning

confidence: 99%

The transition to foraging for dense and predictable resources and its impact on the evolution of modern humans

Marean

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

109

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One contribution of 17 to a discussion meeting issue 'Major transitions in human evolution'. Scientists have identified a series of milestones in the evolution of the human food quest that are anticipated to have had far-reaching impacts on biological, behavioural and cultural evolution: the inclusion of substantial portions of meat, the broad spectrum revolution and the transition to food production. The foraging shift to dense and predictable resources is another key milestone that had consequential impacts on the later part of human evolution. The theory of economic defendability predicts that this shift had an important consequence-elevated levels of intergroup territoriality and conflict. In this paper, this theory is integrated with a well-established general theory of hunter-gatherer adaptations and is used to make predictions for the sequence of appearance of several evolved traits of modern humans. The distribution of dense and predictable resources in Africa is reviewed and found to occur only in aquatic contexts (coasts, rivers and lakes). The palaeoanthropological empirical record contains recurrent evidence for a shift to the exploitation of dense and predictable resources by 110 000 years ago, and the first known occurrence is in a marine coastal context in South Africa. Some theory predicts that this elevated conflict would have provided the conditions for selection for the hyperprosocial behaviours unique to modern humans.This article is part of the themed issue 'Major transitions in human evolution'.

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“…This has been clearly documented by research on prehistoric human remains. It has been estimated that the victors killed 15%-50% of post-pubertal males and most infants and toddlers, and took females and most weaned pre-pubertal individuals captive (Lambert, 1997;Larsen, 1999;LeBlanc and Register, 2003;Maschner and Reedy-Maschner, 1998). These Neolithic patterns of intra-human killing have also been confirmed by studies of male lineages through the Y chromosome (Underhill et al, 2001) and of female lineages through mitochondrial DNA (Seielstad et al, 1998).…”

Section: Neolithic Inter-tribal Warfare Patterns and Pseudoneurologicmentioning

confidence: 55%

Evolution of the human fear-circuitry and acute sociogenic pseudoneurological symptoms: The Neolithic balanced-polymorphism hypothesis

Bracha

Yoshioka

Masukawa

et al. 2005

Journal of Affective Disorders

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In light of the increasing threat of large-scale massacres such as terrorism against non-combatants (civilians), more attention is warranted not only to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but also to acute sociogenic pseudoneurological (bconversionQ) symptoms, especially epidemic sociogenic symptoms. We posit that conversion disorders are etiologically related to specific evolutionary pressures (inescapable threats to life) in the late stage of the human environment of evolutionary adaptedness (EEA). Bracha et al. have recently argued that from the neuroevolutionary perspective, medically unexplained efferent vasovagal syncope and medically unexplained craniofacial musculoskeletal pain in young otherwise healthy individuals, may be taxonomized as stress and fear-circuitry disorders. In the present article, we extend neuroevolutionary perspectives to acute pseudoneurological sociogenic (bconversiveQ) symptoms: psychogenic non-epileptic attacks (bpseudoseizuresQ), epidemic sociogenic disorders (DSM-IV-TR Epidemic bHysteriaQ), conversive motor deficits (pseudo-paralysis and pseudocerebellar symptoms), and psychogenic blindness. We hypothesize that these perplexing pseudoneurological stress-triggered symptoms, which constitute psychopathology in extant humans, are traceable to allele-variant polymorphisms which spread during the Neolithic EEA. During Neolithic warfare, conversive symptoms may have increased the survival odds for some noncombatants by visually (i.e., bnon-verballyQ) signaling to predatory conspecifics that one does not present a danger. This is consistent with the age and sex pattern of conversive disorders. Testable and falsifiable predictions are presented; e.g., at the genome-transcriptome interface, one of the major oligogenic loci involved in conversive spectrum disorders may carry a developmentally sensitive allele in a stable polymorphism (balanced polymorphism) in which the gene expression mechanism is gradually suppressed by pleiotropic androgens especially dehydroxyepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). Taxonomic implica-

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Raid, Retreat, Defend (Repeat): The Archaeology and Ethnohistory of Warfare on the North Pacific Rim

Cited by 84 publications

References 33 publications

An Introduction to the Biocomplexity of Sanak Island, Western Gulf of Alaska

An Introduction to the Biocomplexity of Sanak Island, Western Gulf of Alaska

The transition to foraging for dense and predictable resources and its impact on the evolution of modern humans

Evolution of the human fear-circuitry and acute sociogenic pseudoneurological symptoms: The Neolithic balanced-polymorphism hypothesis

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