FOCUS POINTS• Threat-induced fainting (flaccid immobility), which often presents as blood-injection-injury type specific phobia, may have evolved as a defense response during human intragroup and intergroup warfare, rather than as a pan-mammalian defense reaction, as is currently assumed. 1,2 This initial freeze response is the "stop, look, and listen" action tendency associated with fear. Prey that remain "frozen" during threat are more likely to avoid capture, because the visual cortex and the retina of mammalian carnivores (and, to a lesser degree, of male Homo sapiens) evolved primarily for detecting moving objects and not color. 3,4 This initial freeze response is followed by attempts to flee, and then by attempts to fight; in that order (thus "flight or fight"

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