Radiosensibility of the Lymphosarcomas

Problems Involved in the Homotransplantation of Tissues, with Particular Reference to Skin

“…Murphy (1926) found a higher incidence of takes in an irradiated series of mice receiving homotransplanted tumours. Others have been able to transmit leukaemias in previously irradiated hosts (Krebs et al, 1930;Furth et al, 1933;Richter and MacDowell, 1935). There is also definite evidence that irradiation of the host will delay antibody formation in response to bacterial antigens (Murphy and Sturm, 1925;Craddock and Lawrence, 1948) and we have shown (Dempster et al, 1950) that the survival time of homotransplanted skin of rabbits can be significantly prolonged by previously irradiating the hosts.…”

“…The modern interpretation of this phenomenon suggests that through successive transfers simplification of the antigens occurs and the surviving cells withstand the immunity reaction of the host. There are many reasons for discarding Ehrlich's point of view, and perhaps chief among them are these: (a) mice can be rendered susceptible to transplantation of tumours and to leukaemias by total body irradiation of the host prior to transplantation (Murphy, 1926;Krebs et al, 1930;Furth et al, 1933;Richter and MacDowell, 1935); (b) trypan blue injected daily into rabbits can render them susceptible to certain transplanted tumours (Saphir and Appel, 1943); and (c) human skin can grow in serial fashion on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick (Blank et al, 1948).…”

Effects of Heredity on Reaction to Skin Grafts in Guinea Pigs

“…Medawar (19Uii), from his work with rabbits, hypothesized that at least seven independently-combined antigens are responsible for skin graft reactions and says there are at least 23 such groups in man, Oorer (1938) felt that antigenic differences were determined by dominant genes, Loeb and Wright (19U7) concluded that the genes prt;sent in the host of a transplant determined its success or failure, Snell (I9li8), on the basis of his work with mice, estimated that there were six to lU gene loci involved in determining the fate of tumor transplants. /"Hesselberg and Loeb (19l8)j Loeb (1902), (1902), (1918), (1918), (1920), (1921), (1930), (1930 Loeb and V^tight (1927), found that tumor transplantation in mice from hybrid to parental strain gave negative resixlts as far as the nunber of takes was concerned, while reverse transplantation gave 100 per cent takes.…”

“…Additional support of this theory is the evidence of Gorer {19hQ), as cited by Dempster (1951) that tumors may undergo antigenic simplification during the course of serial transplantation, (a) mice can be rendered susceptible to transplantation tumors and to leukemia by total boc^r irradiation of the host prior to transplantation. Murphy (1926), Krebs et al (1930), Furth et al (1933), Richter and iiacDowell (1935), all cited by Donpster (I95l)j (b)…”

Comparison of the Effects of Inoculation Routes and Viral Preparations on Leukemogenesis

“…Many investigators using various agents have amply demonstrated this importance (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”