Radionuclide migration and organoleptic characteristics of beef in the adjacent areas to the former Semipalatinsk nuclear test site

Abstract

This article presents the results of the migration of radionuclides along the soil-water-feed-animal livestock chain in the adjacent territories of the former Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (SNTS). To analyze the radio ecological situation in the territory adjacent to the SNTS, 6 stationary control points were created, from which samples of soil, water, vegetation, and animal products were taken. The radiometric method was used to determine the radioactive background of the studied areas. Gamma-, alpha-spectrometry methods were used to study the content of radionuclides. The radionuclide transfer along the soil-water-feed-animal livestock chain was determined by a calculation method and also veterinary and sanitary examination of the beef selected from these items. The research results show that in all the test points under study the EDR values, the beta-particles flux density is below the limit of permissible values. The samples detected radionuclides as Am-241, Cs-137 and Pu-239/240 not exceeding the standards established by the Hygienic standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The chain of radionuclides was transferred to animal products. The organoleptic assessment of the quality of cattle meat showed that inconsistencies are observed: a slight increase in lymph nodes, muddy broth, and surface moisture of muscle.

Formation technologies of professional competence for prospective teachers

“…Assim, as novas solicitações da terceira geração de padrões educacionais estaduais visam a formação nas universidades de especialistas altamente qualificados, profissionais com um tipo de pensamento inovador e criativo, capazes de navegar rapidamente e agir ativamente em situações de grande incerteza. A formação de tais traços de personalidade recai no período do início da idade adulta (ou seja, o período de estudos na universidade), pelo que se vê o papel da universidade na criação de condições para a acumulação de capital humano dos participantes em atividades educativas e científicas processos, bem como na criação de um ambiente especial propício à produção de inovações (BUDYLIN et al, 2013;LI et al, 2016;ZHEXENAYEVA et al, 2020).…”

Collective Learning Method

“…So, in problem learning, the main attention is paid to the organization of educational research. Within the framework of "developmental learning", mastering the subject is associated with the implementation of the deductive method of consuming semantic information (from general theoretical knowledge to specific phenomena) (Zhexenayeva et al, 2020). In contrast to them, CLM technology is based on the consumption of information, both from the teacher and from other sources, based on the active work of schoolchildren with teaching materials -educational texts and the use of such a source of information as educational communications, including computer.…”

“…Mastering and practically applying these or those teaching technologies today, the teacher is forced to practically develop (constantly test in practice, in synthesis) various technologies of self-teaching of a student, including mastering CLM, and this is a serious contribution to pedagogical practice and pedagogical science. In other words, today, more than ever, the issue of developing a teacher's pedagogical knowledge, his technological literacy is relevant -the ability to synthesize different teaching technologies in a meaningful and procedural manner, combine them, find ways of their organic interaction in a single pedagogical information and educational environment (Zhexenayeva et al, 2020;.…”