Radiometric method of detection of biological objects covered by vegetation

Bragin, I.V.; Sgibnev, V.P.; Kamenkov, M.B.; Chebotarev, Artem S.; Zheltikov, I.A.; Elizavetova, E.L.; Khidasheli, D.

doi:10.1109/eumc.2007.4405265

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The precise localization of fire spots is an operational aspect of great relevance to cope with fires. A very promising approach is given by microwave radiometry [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Although lower performing in terms of spatial resolution than Infrared (IR) sensors, microwaves can penetrate layers of concrete material, vegetation and dense smoke, detecting a target even if it is invisible to an external observer [ 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Radiometers for Fire Detection in Trains: Theory and Feasibility Study

Alimenti

Roselli

Bonafoni

2016

Sensors

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This paper introduces the theory of fire detection in moving vehicles by microwave radiometers. The system analysis is discussed and a feasibility study is illustrated on the basis of two implementation hypotheses. The basic idea is to have a fixed radiometer and to look inside the glass windows of the wagon when it passes in front of the instrument antenna. The proposed sensor uses a three-pixel multi-beam configuration that allows an image to be formed by the movement of the train itself. Each pixel is constituted by a direct amplification microwave receiver operating at 31.4 GHz. At this frequency, the antenna can be a 34 cm offset parabolic dish, whereas a 1 K brightness temperature resolution is achievable with an overall system noise figure of 6 dB, an observation bandwidth of 2 GHz and an integration time of 1 ms. The effect of the detector noise is also investigated and several implementation hypotheses are discussed. The presented study is important since it could be applied to the automatic fire alarm in trains and moving vehicles with dielectric wall/windows.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Radiometers for Fire Detection in Trains: Theory and Feasibility Study

Alimenti

Roselli

Bonafoni

2016

Sensors

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Inter-Wall Fire Detection by Low-Cost Microwave Radiometric Sensors

Alimenti

Tasselli

Bonafoni

et al. 2008

2008 38th European Microwave Conference

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This paper addresses the possibility to detect a fire behind a concrete or brick wall exploiting a microwave radiometric sensor. The sensor operates at 12 GHz in such a way as to balance a good wall penetration capability with a reasonable antenna size. To keep low the radiometer cost, commercial Satellite Television (SAT-TV) components along with a noise-adding calibration architecture have been adopted. First, a simple system model is presented in order to estimate the radiometric contrast due to the presence of fire as a function of the wall properties and fire size. Then the sensor is described, underlining both key technologies and achieved performances. Thanks to the continuous gain calibration, the antenna noise temperature can be retrieved with an error of ±3 K, without thermally stabilizing the instrument electronics. Finally, real fire detection experiments in indoor environments have been carriedout. A 15 dBi standard-gain horn antenna is used to sense the scene. As a result, a 0.06 m 2 wooden fire placed at a distance of about 2.4 m from the sensor is visible even behind a 0.12 m thick concrete wall. The obtained radiometric contrast in this case is of about 1.4 K.

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