Radiological risk assessment to the public due to the presence of radon in water of Barnala district, Punjab, India

Rani, Supriya; Kansal, Sandeep; Singla, Amit; Mehra, Rohit

doi:10.1007/s10653-021-01012-y

Cited by 34 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…When water is collected and used, 222 Rn is inhaled, and 222 Rn is ingested when 222 Rn-contaminated water is consumed. Therefore, by using Eqs (1) and ( 2), the annual effective dose due to 222 Rn inhalation and ingestion is calculated from the experimentally measured values of the 222 Rn concentration [1,2,5,7]. The total annual effective dose is calculated by using Eq (3).…”

Section: Dosimetry Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As illustrated in Table 4, the 222 Rn concentration in the ten tap water samples collected from Dhaka city varied from 0.56 ± 0.30 to 3.06 ± 0.60 Bq/L with an average of 1.54 ± 0.38 Bq/L. Edu, Nigeria 19.14 ± 3.98 [37] Punjab, India 3.37 ± 0.29 [1] Rajouri, Pir Panjal 60 [36] Kirkuk, Iraq 0.359 [40] Hemavathi River, India 0.67 [39] Transylvania, Romania 0.9-4.5 [41] Karnataka, India 0.16-1.79 [38] Dhaka, Bangladesh 0.68 ± 0.…”

Section: Rn In Tap Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Humans are continuously exposed to natural radiation, primarily from terrestrial and extra-terrestrial sources [ 1 ]. Among the existing sources of ionizing radiation in the environment, 222 Rn alone is the major contributor (more than 50%) of the total radiation dose to humans [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have been performed worldwide to measure the 222 Rn level in various water resources such as tap water, river water, deep well water, bore well water, bottled water, etc. [ 1 , 3 , 7 , 11 , 12 ]. Several advanced countries have a national reference limit of radon in water and indoor air to ensure radiological safety for public health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study on measuring the 222Rn in the Buriganga River and tap water of the megacity Dhaka

Alam

Siraz

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Radon (222Rn), an inert gas, is considered a silent killer due to its carcinogenic characteristics. Dhaka city is situated on the banks of the Buriganga River, which is regarded as the lifeline of Dhaka city because it serves as a significant source of the city’s water supply for domestic and industrial purposes. Thirty water samples (10 tap water from Dhaka city and 20 surface samples from the Buriganga River) were collected and analyzed using a RAD H2O accessory for 222Rn concentration. The average 222Rn concentration in tap and river water was 1.54 ± 0.38 Bq/L and 0.68 ± 0.29 Bq/L, respectively. All the values were found below the maximum contamination limit (MCL) of 11.1 Bq/L set by the USEPA, the WHO-recommended safe limit of 100 Bq/L, and the UNSCEAR suggested range of 4–40 Bq/L. The mean values of the total annual effective doses due to inhalation and ingestion were calculated to be 9.77 μSv/y and 4.29 μSv/y for tap water and river water, respectively. Although all these values were well below the permissible limit of 100 μSv/y proposed by WHO, they cannot be neglected because of the hazardous nature of 222Rn, especially considering their entry to the human body via inhalation and ingestion pathways. The obtained data may serve as a reference for future 222Rn-related works.

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Section: Dosimetry Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rn In Tap Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study on measuring the 222Rn in the Buriganga River and tap water of the megacity Dhaka

Alam

Siraz

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…In the Earth's topmost layer, rocks and soils contain minuscule amounts of radioactive elements that undergo natural decay and produce an odorless and tasteless gas i.e. Radon 1 , 2 . The radioactive gas Radon is chemically inert, emits α-particles, and exists in three isotopes naturally i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical distribution of radon and associated health risks in drinking water samples collected from the Mulazai area of Peshawar, Pakistan

Shah,

Asif,

Ilahi

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Geospatial methods, such as GIS and remote sensing, map radon levels, pinpoint high-risk areas and connect geological traits to radon presence. These findings direct health planning, focusing tests, mitigation, and policies where radon levels are high. Overall, geospatial analyses offer vital insights, shaping interventions and policies to reduce health risks from radon exposure. There is a formidable threat to human well-being posed by the naturally occurring carcinogenic radon (222Rn) gas due to high solubility in water. Under the current scenario, it is crucial to assess the extent of 222Rn pollution in our drinking water sources across various regions and thoroughly investigate the potential health hazards it poses. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the concentration of 222Rn in groundwater samples collected from handpumps and wells and to estimate health risks associated with the consumption of 222Rn-contaminated water. For this purpose, groundwater samples (n = 30) were collected from handpumps, and wells located in the Mulazai area, District Peshawar. The RAD7 radon detector was used as per international standards to assess the concentration of 222Rn in the collected water samples. The results unveiled that the levels of 222Rn in the collected samples exceeded the acceptable thresholds set by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) of 11.1 Bq L−1. Nevertheless, it was determined that the average annual dose was below the recommended limit of 0.1 mSv per year, as advised by both the European Union Council and the World Health Organization. In order to avoid the harmful effects of such excessive 222Rn concentrations on human health, proper ventilation and storage of water in storage reservoirs for a long time before use is recommended to lower the 222Rn concentration.

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Groundwater in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of India: A Review on the Quality, Management and Challenges

Ahamad,

Tyagi,

Singh

et al. 2023

Earth and Environmental Sciences Library

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Radiological risk assessment to the public due to the presence of radon in water of Barnala district, Punjab, India

Cited by 34 publications

References 36 publications

A study on measuring the 222Rn in the Buriganga River and tap water of the megacity Dhaka

A study on measuring the 222Rn in the Buriganga River and tap water of the megacity Dhaka

Geographical distribution of radon and associated health risks in drinking water samples collected from the Mulazai area of Peshawar, Pakistan

Groundwater in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of India: A Review on the Quality, Management and Challenges

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