“…8,9,10,11,16 Ethnicity may predict the type of benign tumours found at nephrectomy performed for presumed RCC, with most Asian studies reporting angiomyolipoma as the most common benign tumour and studies from the US reporting oncocytoma. 2,8,10,11,12 Oncocytoma cannot be confidently distinguished from RCC on imaging. 11,16 We expected that given the high burden of infectious diseases in South Africa, we would see more inflammatory lesions such as xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, tuberculosis and aspergillosis being mistaken for RCC.…”