Radiolabeling, whole-body single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging, and pharmacokinetics of carbon nanohorns in mice

Abstract

In this work, we report that the biodistribution and excretion of carbon nanohorns (CNHs) in mice are dependent on their size and functionalization. Small-sized CNHs (30–50 nm; S-CNHs) and large-sized CNHs (80–100 nm; L-CNHs) were chemically functionalized and radiolabeled with [ 111 In]-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and intravenously injected into mice. Their tissue distribution profiles at different time points were determined by single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography. The results showed that the S-CNHs circulated longer in blood, while the L-CNHs accumulated faster in major organs like the liver and spleen. Small amounts of S-CNHs- and L-CNHs were excreted in urine within the first few hours postinjection, followed by excretion of smaller quantities within the next 48 hours in both urine and feces. The kinetics of excretion for S-CNHs were more rapid than for L-CNHs. Both S-CNH and L-CNH material accumulated mainly in the liver and spleen; however, S-CNH accumulation in the spleen was more prominent than in the liver.

The impact of graphene oxide sheet lateral dimensions on their pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution profiles in mice

“…In the spleen, interendothelial cell slits with a size range of 200-500 nm mediate the retention of particles >200 nm (55). Particle shape also accounts for accumulation in certain tissues, with elongated nanoparticles mainly in the spleen, while the more spherical ones accumulate in the liver (61). The total amount of material remaining in the body of mice injected with the [ 111 In]l-GO-DOTA was the highest compared to the other two materials (Table S3), which can be explained by the fact that larger and thicker materials are more difficult to be cleared from the body (27).…”

Establishing the effects of mesoporous silica nanoparticle properties on in vivo disposition using imaging-based pharmacokinetics

“…Advancements in small-animal imaging techniques 58 , 59 have enabled whole-body, three-dimensional, dynamic imaging in rodents to quantify biodistribution of radiolabeled xenobiotics in the presence of an anatomical reference. These techniques provide the ability to study spatio-temporal evolution of whole-body biodistribution non-invasively within the same animal, presenting a significant advantage over blood sampling and organ resection.…”

“…These techniques provide the ability to study spatio-temporal evolution of whole-body biodistribution non-invasively within the same animal, presenting a significant advantage over blood sampling and organ resection. SPECT/CT imaging 59 was conducted at the Keck-UNM Small Animal Imaging Resource using a dual-modality NanoSPECT/CT ® Small Animal In Vivo Imager (Bioscan, Inc., Washington, DC, USA). For each subject, the 111 In biodistribution was imaged longitudinally at three time points (30 min, 5 h (6 h instead for TMS150 (i.v.)…”

Radiolabelling of nanomaterials for medical imaging and therapy

“…Several groups have used chelator-based methods for labelling graphene-based nanomaterials (Table 14); with a large number of reports using the chelator DTPA with 111 In. [566][567][568][569][570][571][572] Al-Jamal and collaborators reported RCYs varying between 8.0-85% with conjugation of the chelator occurring through one of the carboxylate groups on EDTA, 566,567,569,571,572 whereas Zhang reported higher yields (up to 95%) when using an extended DTPA compound with an additional carboxylate for conjugation when using similar reaction conditions. 570 Interestingly, Cornelissen et al found that p-bond interactions between GO and the benzene ring (Fig.…”

“…[566][567][568][569][570][571][572] Al-Jamal and collaborators reported RCYs varying between 8.0-85% with conjugation of the chelator occurring through one of the carboxylate groups on EDTA, 566,567,569,571,572 whereas Zhang reported higher yields (up to 95%) when using an extended DTPA compound with an additional carboxylate for conjugation when using similar reaction conditions. 570 Interestingly, Cornelissen et al found that p-bond interactions between GO and the benzene ring (Fig. 30A) on the p-SCN-Bn-DTPA bifunctional chelator, could be strong enough to allow of the GO labelling with 111 In.…”