Radioimmunoassay quantification of adrenomedullin in human gingival crevicular fluid

Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Adrenomedullin as a Biomarker in Moderate Chronic Periodontitis.

“…(25) Regarding the present study, adrenomedullin level in gingival crevicular fluid of moderate chronic periodontitis was compared with control group, and it was found that the total adrenomedullin levels in gingival crevicular fluid was significantly higher in moderate chronic periodontitis group at baseline. Lundy et al (6) supported our data. They showed that, the total amount of gingival crevicular fluid adrenomedullin in periodontitis sites was higher than that of healthy sites.…”

“…(31) Furthermore the increase of gingival crevicular fluid adrenomedullin levels was more prominent in patients with periodontitis 1627 because of the presence of more severe inflammation and periodontal destruction and an increase of bacteriastimulated adrenomedullin production by epithelial cells to protect the host from the bacterial invasion. (6,(32)(33)(34) Moreover, adrenomedullin production is controlled by various humoral factors and physical factors and inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor TNF-α, TNF-β, interleukin IL-1α and IL-1β. (35) In the study group, regarding the level of adrenomedullin in gingival crevicular fluid, a significant reduction was found after phase I therapy in comparison to its level at baseline.…”

“…Epithelial cells secrete ADM when they are exposed to various bacterial species and inflammatory cytokines. (6) Adrenomedullin shares its mechanism of antimicrobial activity with other cationic antimicrobial peptides. Although exact mechanism is still not elucidated, ADM is thought to promote intramembranous pore formation in bacterial cell membrane, resulting in stoppage of bacterial critical intracellular processes and finally bacterial cell death.…”

Direct and Indirect Antimicrobial Activities of Neuropeptides and their Therapeutic Potential

“…Prospective roles for NPs in the local tissue microenvironment include those generally associated with conventional host defense peptides such as direct antimicrobial action against microorganisms or immunomodulatory effects on host cells. Drawing analogies from research on conventional host defense peptides, a direct antimicrobial effect for a given NP could potentially be observed if: (i) the NP is released at sites of microbial invasion; (ii) the NP gains direct access to the target micro-organism; (iii) the microbial membrane can be perturbed leading to microbial death in the presence of the NP and (iv) the concentration of NP present in the local microenvironment produces an antimicrobial effect in vitro [2,3]. An immunomodulatory action for a given NP could be established if: (i) there is an association between specific nerve fibers and primary or secondary lymphoid tissue; (ii) the released NPs are available to immune cells expressing the appropriate G-protein coupled NP receptors and (iii) the immunoregulatory effect of the NP is confirmed in vitro or in vivo [4].…”

Non-conventional therapeutics for oral infections

“…98 When such MIC values are compared to concentrations of AM found in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with periodontal disease (approx. 1-2 mg/ml), 99 it is clear that adrenomedullin has the potential to influence the growth of the oral microflora in vivo.…”