Radiographic evidence of metaphyseal sclerosis secondary to canine distemper virus: 4 cases in juvenile dogs

Abstract

Background: Metaphyseal sclerosis secondary to canine distemper virus has been described histopathologically, but its radiographic appearance has not been described.Objectives: Describe the radiographic appearance of metaphyseal sclerosis secondary to canine distemper virus in juvenile dogs as distinct from metaphyseal osteopathy (formerly called hypertrophic osteodystrophy). Animals: Four dogs (2 intact females and 2 intact males) between 2.5 and 4 months of age presented to 2 different veterinary teaching hospitals. Methods: Retrospective case series in which definitive diagnosis of canine distemper virus based on antemortem positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result or necropsy was required. Results: All 4 dogs were presented for evaluation of neurologic abnormalities, respiratory signs, and lethargy; 2 dogs had gastrointestinal signs and ocular abnormalities. Radiographs on all patients featured multifocal, symmetric, metaphyseal sclerosis, with no evidence of lysis or changes to the adjacent growth plate. The metaphyseal sclerosis was most apparent at the proximal humeral diaphyses and other included long bones. Diagnosis of distemper was confirmed by necropsy (2 of 4 dogs) or positive RT-PCR results (2 of 4 dogs). Three dogs were euthanized because of progressive illness, and 1 dog was lost to follow-up. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Identification of metaphyseal sclerosis on radiographs during diagnostic evaluation of young dogs should lead to a clinical suspicion of canine distemper virus infection. Sclerosis identified secondary to canine distemper virus is distinct from the necrosis and inflammation of metaphyseal osteopathy.

Osteodistrofia Hipertófica Em Cão Sem Raça Definida

“…A etiologia exata de ODH ainda é desconhecida, no entanto, hipóteses metabólicas (hipovitaminose C), nutricionais e infecciosas têm sido propostos (Schulz, 1957;Shires, 2003;Tilley e Smith, 2003;Özer & Altunatmaz, 2004;Johnson & Qarston, 2005, Johnson et al, 2022. A deficiência de ácido ascórbico como única causa de HOD em cães parece improvável.…”

“…Apesar disso, a osteodistrofia hipertrófica já foi observada em cães que não tinham sido suplementados e/ou superalimentados e a correção da dieta não altera o curso da doença nem elimina a recidiva (Tilley & Smith, 2003). O vírus da cinomose canina foi detectado em osteócitos de pacientes (Johnson et al, 2022), no entanto, este animal não mostrou quaisquer sinais da doença. Levando em conta todos estes fatores, a etiologia de osteodistrofia hipertrófica neste cão não pode ser identificada com precisão.…”

Novel optical fiber Vernier immunosensor based on cascading Sagnac loops embedded with excessively tilted fiber grating for specific detection of canine distemper virus

“…Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a serious viral pathogen with highly contagiousness and lethality rate that mainly infects dogs from all ages and other susceptible wild species around the world [1]. The most widely used methods of diagnosing CDV are RT-PCR and histopathology, however, these molecular biological detection methods are technically difficult and time-consuming [2][3][4]. Therefore, it is necessary to find a quick and precise diagnostic method.…”