Radiographic evaluation of anterior loop of inferior alveolar nerve: A cone-beam computer tomography study

Prakash, Om; Srivastava, Pankaj Kumar; Jyoti, Bhuvan; Mushtaq, Rafiya; Vyas, Tarun; Usha, Purumandla

doi:10.4103/njs.njs_1_18

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Regarding the type of loop, it was found that type 3 was the most common followed by type 1 and type 2 on both the right and left sides. This is similar to findings reported by Prakash et al and Shaban et al [ 28 , 29 ]. The abovementioned studies failed to evaluate the side-specific variations of the anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Assessment of Anterior Loop of Inferior Alveolar Nerve and Its Anatomic Variations with Age, Gender, and Dentition Status in Indian Population: A CBCT Study

Gupta¹,

Kumar

Singh

et al. 2021

International Journal of Dentistry

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Background. The posterior region of the mandible is more often related to iatrogenic errors, but the interforaminal region is also not spared for neurovascular complications. This study aimed to use CBCT images to evaluate the prevalence of anterior nerve looping and its variations with age, gender, and dentition status. Methods. This retrospective study was carried out by studying 600 CBCT scans retrieved from archival records of a CBCT center in Lucknow. The scans were inspected by two trained investigators. The length of the anterior loop was measured using the measuring tool of Carestream 3D imaging software. Descriptive and analytical tests were performed. Results. The prevalence of the anterior loop of the inferior alveolar nerve was found to be 56%. The prevalence was found to be more on the right side (29.0%) compared to the left side (27.0%). The most common anterior looping of the inferior alveolar nerve was type 3 followed by type 1. Males were found to have significantly higher loops compared to females. The number of loops was found to decrease significantly with age. The mean length of the loop was found to vary from 1.14 to 1.61 mm. Conclusion. The anterior looping of IAN is very much prevalent in the Lucknow population. The use of the CBCT technique and appropriate preplanning prior to surgery or implant placement should be performed to prevent nerve injury.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Assessment of Anterior Loop of Inferior Alveolar Nerve and Its Anatomic Variations with Age, Gender, and Dentition Status in Indian Population: A CBCT Study

Gupta¹,

Kumar

Singh

et al. 2021

International Journal of Dentistry

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“…A study conducted in Malaysia reported the AL in 34.4% of panoramic images ( Ngeow et al, 2009 ). In a study with Indian population, Type III AL was observed in 50% of the participants ( Prakash et al, 2018 ). A Belgian study reported an AL prevalence of 22%–28% ( De Oliveira-Santos et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anterior loop of the mental nerve in Saudi sample in Riyadh, KSA. A cone beam computerized tomography study

Alyami

Alotaibi

Koppolu

et al. 2021

The Saudi Dental Journal

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Background The portion of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) existent anterior to the mental foramen, before parting the canal, is referred to as the anterior loop (AL) of the IAN. The presence of AL is important when placing the implant interforaminal area of the mandible. These anatomical discrepancies can be assessed by cone-beam CT (CBCT), for evaluating its position and exact location. The AL is classified into Types I, II and III. In Type I, Y-shaped anatomy; in Type II, anatomy is T-shaped; and in Type III, Y-shaped anatomy is seen, and the incisive branch is thicker as compared to the main branch. Aim In this study, we aim to analyse the prevalence of different types of AL of the IAN in Saudi sample population. Materials and Methods The present study is a retrospective analysis of 149 (86 female & 63 male) CBCT images of patients records from 2018 June to 2018 September in the department of implant dentistry, KSMC, Riyadh. The age range of the patients who participated in the study was 30–60 years. The mean age of female participants is 42.5 ± 5.8, for the male participants is 48.6 ± 11.4 years respectively. Results The most frequent type of AL of mental nerve noticed on the right side was of type I (59.1%), followed by type II (27.5%) and type III (13.4%). The most frequent type of AL of mental nerve noticed on the left side was type I (61.7%), followed by type II (26.8%) and type III (11.4%). Conclusion The results of the study encourage the usage of CBCT for planning implant treatment. We also suggest that it is obligatory for professionals to categorise the presence of AL and to measure them appropriately when planning for the procedures in the interforaminal region.

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“…Thirteen studies used a small FOV, 12 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 15 studies used a medium FOV, 14 23 26 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 and 16 studies used a large FOV. 1 11 21 22 44 46 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 Moreover, 30 studies used a voxel size of less than 0.3 mm, 11 12 13 14 22 24 25 28 29 30 31 33 34 35 39 40 41 42 44 45 47 49 50 51 55 57 58 59 60 61 whereas 26 studies used voxels that were 0.3 mm or larger.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and extension of the anterior loop of the mental nerve in different populations and CBCT imaging settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Purpose This study aimed to identify the prevalence and extension of the anterior loop (AL) of the mental nerve in different populations and according to different cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging settings. Materials and Methods Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest were searched. The main inclusion criterion was ALs evaluated in CBCT images. The quality of studies was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute risk of bias checklist. Subgroup analyses were conducted for sex, side, continent, voxel size, field of view, and type of CBCT-reconstruction images with a random-effects model. Results Sixty-three studies with 13,743 participants (27,075 hemimandibles) were included. An AL was found in 40.6% (95% CI: 32.8%-48.9%, P <0.05) of participants and 36.0% (95% CI: 27.5%-45.5%, P <0.05) of hemimandibles, in 34.9% (95% CI: 25.1%-46.2%, P <0.05) of males and 34.5% (95% CI: 23.5%-47.4%, P <0.05) of females. The average length of ALs was 2.39 mm (95% CI: 2.07-2.70 mm, P <0.05). Their extension was 2.13 mm (95% CI: 1.54-2.73 mm, P <0.05) in males and 1.85 mm (95% CI: 1.35-2.36 mm, P <0.05) in females. Significant differences were observed regarding the prevalence and length of ALs among continents and for its measured length on different CBCT-reconstruction images, but not between other subgroups. Conclusion AL was a relatively common finding. The voxel size and fields of view of CBCT devices were adequate for assessing AL; however, a 2-mm safety margin from anatomical structures (such as the AL) could be recommended to be considered when using CBCT imaging.

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Radiographic evaluation of anterior loop of inferior alveolar nerve: A cone-beam computer tomography study

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Assessment of Anterior Loop of Inferior Alveolar Nerve and Its Anatomic Variations with Age, Gender, and Dentition Status in Indian Population: A CBCT Study

Assessment of Anterior Loop of Inferior Alveolar Nerve and Its Anatomic Variations with Age, Gender, and Dentition Status in Indian Population: A CBCT Study

Anterior loop of the mental nerve in Saudi sample in Riyadh, KSA. A cone beam computerized tomography study

Prevalence and extension of the anterior loop of the mental nerve in different populations and CBCT imaging settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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