Radiochenical determination of technetium-99 in LLW by chelation with sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate (NaDDC) and extraction with chloroform

Chiu, Jih-Hung; Chu, T. L.; Weng, Pao-Shan

doi:10.1007/bf02035336

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A fluid handling step, including acidification of caustic sample and microwave-assisted sample digestion using peroxidisulfate oxidant were applied for sample pre-treatment. The prepared sample was then directed to an anion exchange 59 chromatography using AG MP-1 resin (0.83 mL) for separation of 99 Tc. The eluate was directly delivered to a flow-through scintillation detector for measurement.…”

Section: Automated Analytical Methods For Technetium-99 Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the week sorption of TcO 4 -in various environmental media, Tc is considered to be one of the most mobile radionuclides in the environment. Strong reductive reagents such as sulphite, meta-bisulphite, hydrazine or ascorbic acid are often applied to reduce TcO 4 -to lower oxidation states such as Tc(IV) [5,6,38,59]. Conversely, strong oxidants like bromine water, hydrogen peroxide, alkaline peroxide, hypochlorite, or persulphate, are employed to rapidly oxidize the lower oxidation state of Tc to TcO 4 - [60][61][62][63].…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties Of Technetium and Its Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the concentration of 99 Tc in environmental water samples is normally very low, it requires sample pre-treatment to pre-concentrate 99 Tc. The enrichment of 99 Tc can be achieved by a few approaches, including evaporation [76], activated carbon adsorption [77], co-19 precipitation [21,38,40,59,75], and anion exchange chromatography [2,6] according to the volume and the salt content of the sample.…”

Section: Aqueous Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of technetium-99 in environmental samples: A review

Shi

Hou

Roos

et al. 2012

Analytica Chimica Acta

109

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Section: Automated Analytical Methods For Technetium-99 Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physicochemical Properties Of Technetium and Its Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aqueous Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Determination of technetium-99 in environmental samples: A review

Shi

Hou

Roos

et al. 2012

Analytica Chimica Acta

109

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“…Technetiumwas removed from LLW by chelation with sodium diethyl dithiocaramateCNaDDC) in a 3 N HCI solution and selective extractioninto chloroform (Chiu et al 1991). Radioactivecontaminantswere removed by carrierhydroxideprecipitationand chelating extractionat pH 4.…”

Section: Extraction-apdc/naddc Chelationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary survey of separations technology applicable to the pretreatment of Hanford tank waste (1992--1993)

Lawrence¹,

Kurath²

1994

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The U.S. Department of Energy has established the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) to manage and dispose of radioactive wastes stored at the Hartford Site. Within this program are evaluations of pretreatment system alternatives through literature reviews. The information in this report was collected as part of this project at Pacific Northwest Laboratory. _'_ A preliminary survey of literature on separations recently entered into the Hanford electronic databases (1992-1993) that have the potential for pretreatment of Hanford tank waste was conducted. Separation processes that can assist in the removal of actinides (uranium, plutonium, americium), lanthanides, barium, 137Cs,9°Sr, 129I,63Ni, and 99Tcwere evaluated. Separation processes of interest were identified through literature searches, journal reviews, and participation in separation technology conferences. This report contains brief descriptions of the potential separation processes, the extent and/or selectivity of the separation, the experimental conditions, and observations. Information was collected on both national and international separation studies to provide a global perspective on recent research efforts. Separation processes are listed in groups of unit operations under each constituent(s) to be separated. The separations processes described in this text are listed below in Table S. 1 with the author(s) and publication year. All these processes are deemed to have potential applicability to the treatment of tank waste. The processes that are recomme_.ded for further study are listed in Table S.2 with some of their positive attributes. These separations processes were selected on the basis that they have recently received attention for application in radioactive environments. The processes of interest include extraction, emulsion-liquid membranes, ion exchange, and ion flotation. These processes offer the potential for good separations, are relatively simple, and do not generate large amounts of secondary waste. The performance of these processes with actual tank waste can only be speculated since a limited amount of information is currently available. Information compiled in this study has enabled PNL to identify a broad spectrum of recent research efforts that may have potential applications for the pretreatment of Hanford tank waste. However, it was anticipated that many applicable articles would be omitted on a topic as broad as separations. Thus, it was the intent of this report to provide a representative cross-section of recent separations studies. The scope of this study does not provide an exhaustive survey but provides recent information on a broad scale. In part, it is the intent of this review to provide articles from which a more detailed search specific to each technology or constituent can be based. This study builds upon three detailed constituent reviews on cesium, strontium, and transuranic wastes completed during FY93. (a) Pacific Northwest Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute...

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“…Technetium-99 ( 99 Tc) is an artificial radionuclide (half-life: 2.13 × 10 5 y) and pure β – emitter ( E max = 292 keV − ). No stable isotopes of Tc occur in nature; instead, it is highly yielded as a thermal neutron fission product of 235 U (6.1%) , and 239 Pu (5.9%) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Solid-Phase Extraction–Inductively Coupled Plasma–Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry with Oxygen Dynamic Reaction for Quantification of Technetium-99

et al. 2021

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Quantification of pg/L levels (i.e., 0.6 mBq/L) of radioactive technetium-99 (99Tc) was achieved within 15 min in the presence of isobaric and polyatomic interference sources such as ruthenium-99 (99Ru) and molybdenum hydride (98Mo1H) at 3–11 orders of magnitude higher concentrations. Online solid-phase extraction–inductively coupled plasma–quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP–QMS) with oxygen (O2) dynamic reaction cell (online SPE–ICP–MS–DRC) was shown to be a thorough automatic analytical system, circumventing the need for human handling. At three stepwise separations (SPE–DRC–Q mass filters), we showed that interference materials allowed the coexistence of abundance ratios of 1.5 × 10–13 and 1.1 × 10–5 for 99Tc/Mo and 99Tc/Ru, respectively. A classical mathematical correction using the natural isotope ratio of 99Ru/102Ru was used to calculate the residues of 99Ru. Using this optimized system, a detection limit (DL; 3σ) of 99Tc was 9.3 pg/L (= 5.9 mBq/L) for a 50 mL injection and sequential measurements were undertaken at a cycle of 24 min/sample. For the measurement of a lower concentration of 99Tc, an AG1-X8 anion-exchange column was used to study 20 L of seawater. Its DL was approximately 1000 times greater than that of previous methods (70.0 fg/L). Thus, this method withstands coexistences of 5.8 × 10–18 and 3.5 × 10–9 for 99Tc/Mo and 99Tc/Ru, respectively. Spike and recovery tests were conducted for environmental samples; the resulting values showed good agreement with the spike applied.

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Radiochenical determination of technetium-99 in LLW by chelation with sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate (NaDDC) and extraction with chloroform

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Determination of technetium-99 in environmental samples: A review

Determination of technetium-99 in environmental samples: A review

Preliminary survey of separations technology applicable to the pretreatment of Hanford tank waste (1992--1993)

Online Solid-Phase Extraction–Inductively Coupled Plasma–Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry with Oxygen Dynamic Reaction for Quantification of Technetium-99

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