Radioactive pollution of the Ob river system from urals nuclear enterprise ‘MAJAK’

Трапезников, А. В.; Aarkrog, A.; Pozolotina, V. N.; Nielsen, Sven Poul; Polikarpov, G.G.; Молчанова, И. В.; Karavaeva, E.N.; Yushkov, P.I.; Trapeznikova, V. N.; Kulikov, N.V.

doi:10.1016/0265-931x(94)90009-4

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Tritiated water represents about 2,500 TBq of the total inventory (from Bradley and Jenquin, 1995). Measured concentrations of 90Sr and lZ7Cs in the Techa River below Reservoir 11 show the same relationship between those two nuclides in the radioactive liquid wastes, that is, 90Sr levels are about a factor of 100 greater than those for ls7Cs (see Trapeznikov et al, 1993). …”

Section: -21mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…This type of release would produce a discharge that is comparable in magnitude to the releases occurring during the period 1949 to 1951, when an estimated 1,000 TBq of 9OSr and ls7Cs in LRWs were discharged directly to the Techa River from the Mayak facility (each nuclide contributed about half of the total activity; Trapeznikov et al, 1994). However, the release scenario described here would be dominated by 90Sr and would occur over a shorter period of time.…”

Section: Accidental or Acute Release Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The LRWs produced from these sites have been managed in various ways. During the years 1949 to 1951 at the Mayak site, for example, LRWs were discharged directly to the Techa River (a tributary of the Ob), contaminating marshes, river water, and related sediments for hundreds of kilometers downstream (Trapeznikov et al, 1993). Later, the LRWs were diverted to Lake Karachai (denoted Reservoir 9) and a series of other surface reservoirs.…”

Section: Disposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Remobilizafion of Asanov Marsh 90Sr Inventory Trapeznikov et al (1994) reported that about 10,000 TBq of 'OSr was released as a result of Mayak operations between 1949 and 1951, about 80% of this material is estimated to remain in the Mayak Reservoir system; 15% was discharged to the Ob River system, and the remaining 5% is in the sediments and flood plain of the Techa River. Decay correcting this amount to 1994 leaves about 200 TBq of the original 90Sr inventory.…”

Section: -35mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radionuclides in the Arctic seas from the former Soviet Union: Potential health and ecological risks

Layton¹,

Edson²,

Varela³

et al. 1999

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PREFACEn 1993, radioactive waste-management practices of the former Soviet Union (FSU) came un-I, der increasing international scrutiny after Russian scientists disclosed dumped-nuclear-waste ites in the Kara and Barents seas that contravened the London Convention ban on radioactive waste disposal at sea. The U.S. response was to fund the Office of Naval Research Arctic Nuclear Waste Assessment Program (ANWAP) to (1) quantify the types, amounts, and rates of release of radionuclides from marine disposal sites and Russian riverine sources leading to Arctic waters; (2) evaluate the transport pathways and ultimate fate of the radionuclide contaminants; and (3) identify any long-term monitoring strategies as needed. ANWAP began funding basic physical, geochemical, and biological oceanographic research in the Arctic in 1993.By early 1995 the second year of ANWAP research was well under way and planning for the final ANWAP funding cycle emphasized the need to better coordinate and integrate the activities and results of the 85 research projects into a risk-assessment framework. The goal: to use data sets in a rigorous evaluation process to make dose estimates for potential human and ecological impacts, particularly in Alaska, from the nuclear wastes the FSU had dumped in the Arctic. A Risk Assessment Integration Group (RAIG) was formed to conduct the assessment. The RAIG recognized at the outset of this risk-assessment phase that the risk analysis would have to depend on available ANWAP data and other published data sets, and that ongoing research would continue to generate new data even after the data cutoff point for timely preparation of the risk assessment. The RAIG has established an evaluation framework that, through an ongoing iterative process, can be enhanced as new information becomes available.The risk assessment follows a traditional, internationally accepted radiological risk-assessment process. It uses models to make predictions, but also incorporates actual field measurements and laboratory data obtained from ANWAP scientists and the broader national and international scientific community. The risk-assessment team involved key scientists from Alaska (Douglas Dasher, Department of Environmental Conservation, and Todd O'Hara, North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (David Layton, Mark Mount, Florence Harrison, and John Knezovich); Sandia National Laboratories (Rip Anderson, Mel Marietta, Leo Gomez, and Palmer Vaughn); Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories (William Templeton and Bruce Napier); and the Office of Naval Research (Marilyn Varela). This integrating team (the RAIG) identified discrete areas of focus and authorship for various components of the risk assessment; in the preparation of this report, the team relied upon the input of key ANWAP Principal Investigators, some of whose information was timely enough for use, and some not. Each section of the report identifies the authors. Although inputs from Russian contributors were instrumental in...

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Section: -21mentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Accidental or Acute Release Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Disposalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -35mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Radionuclides in the Arctic seas from the former Soviet Union: Potential health and ecological risks

Layton¹,

Edson²,

Varela³

et al. 1999

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show abstract

“…Radionuclide ratios in the Techa River sediments in July 1990. Data from Trapeznikov et al (1993aTrapeznikov et al ( , 1993b In this study we address radioactive contamination of the Ob River Delta by particle reactive artificial radionuclides. The Ob River has been subject to serious accidental and intentional releases of radioactivity in the past and has a potential for catastrophic future releases due to the estimated storage of in excess of 2.5 billions curies of radioactivity within the confines of its watershed.…”

Section: Hugh D Livingstonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of plutonium and cesium-137 contamination of the Ob River delta sediments

Panteleyev¹

1995

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Spatial Distribution of 90Sr from Different Sources in Soils of the Ural Region, Russia

Mikhailovskaya

Pozolotina

2019

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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Radioactive pollution of the Ob river system from urals nuclear enterprise ‘MAJAK’

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Radionuclides in the Arctic seas from the former Soviet Union: Potential health and ecological risks

Radionuclides in the Arctic seas from the former Soviet Union: Potential health and ecological risks

The history of plutonium and cesium-137 contamination of the Ob River delta sediments

Spatial Distribution of 90Sr from Different Sources in Soils of the Ural Region, Russia

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