Radikale aus Polymethincyanin‐Farbstoffen. I—Polymethincyanine mit Indolenin‐Endgruppen

Baer, F.; Oehling, Helmut

doi:10.1002/mrc.1270060805

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…By using ESR spectroscopy [33,34] and MO calculations, [12,13] the highest spin densities of neutral cyanine radicals have been found to reside mainly at the odd methine carbon atoms, whereas in the corresponding radical dications the highest spin densities rest on the even methine carbon atoms as shown in Figure 1. Alkyl substitution in these positions will stabilize the radical state electronically but also render dimerization more difficult due to steric hindrance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochromics by Intramolecular Redox Switching of Single Bonds

et al. 2001

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Two moieties of mono- and trimethincyanines as well as those of styryl dyes were connected by a saturated alkyl tether made from compounds 3a-c, 5, 7, and 9a,b. In most cases, cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry for these dyes together with the data for their monomeric models 4, 6, 8, and 10 reveal electrochemically irreversible transfer of two electrons but chemically reversible reaction and discoloration both on reduction and oxidation. Discoloration is interpreted as intramolecular formation of a single bond, which on redox breaking regenerates the starting colored species. Therefore, the investigated dyes exemplify a new general principle for electrochromics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochromics by Intramolecular Redox Switching of Single Bonds

et al. 2001

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“…Bei der Reduktion von 1 + zeigt sich im Cyclovoltammogramm ein vollständig reversibler Einelektronentransfer zu 1 ,RED,rad 28. Das persistente Radikal wurde bereits durch sein Absorptionsmaximum bei 445 nm12 und sein ESR‐Spektrum12, 13 charakterisiert, dessen hochaufgelöste Struktur auf eine C 3 ‐Symmetrie von 1 ,RED,rad hinweist 14. Dagegen erscheint bei der Oxidation von 1 + im Cyclovoltammogramm bei langsamem Vorschub und Raumtemperatur nur eine Welle bei E p =920 mV.…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

OC256: Characteristics and outcome of aortic coarctation diagnosed prenatally. A series of 68 cases

Volpe¹,

Russo²,

Vassallo

et al. 2003

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol

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Oral communication abstractsAttention to FV movement in late-term fetuses with disproportion can avoid false positive diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta. OC255Fetal cardiosplenic syndromes (isomerism) -how alerting is the heart and stomach position on ultrasonography?K. Gagel*, K. S. Heling †, K. D. Kalache †, R. Bollmann † and R. Chaoui † *Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Germany and †Humboldt University, Charité-CCM, Berlin, Germany Background: Cardiosplenic syndromes are complex anomalies of the looping of visceral and cardiac situs known as left and right isomerism (polysplenia resp. asplenia). They are detectable prenatally due to known signs e.g. situs anomalies, cardiac defects, AV-Block. Less known signs include an abnormal position or absence of the inferior vena cava. Objective: Was to find out the proportion of cases potentially detectable by abnormal stomach and heart position resp. abnormal four-chamber-view (4 CV). Material and methods: Ultrasound findings of 33 cases were reviewed, including 19 with left and 14 with right isomerism. Cases with situs inversus with or without heart defects were excluded. Following parameters were analysed: stomach and heart apex position, abnormal four chamber view, presence of bradycardia. Results:The stomach was on left-side in 48% (16/33) of the cases. Half of these had the heart on the left (levocardia) and the other half had dextrocardia. The stomach was on the right side in 52% (17/33) of the cases. In this group only 2 had dextrocardia and the remaining 15 cases had levocardia. 75% (25/33) of the whole population had an abnormal 4 CV or bradycardia. Conclusions: Common signs for isomerism are not very reliable in prenatal diagnosis, since gross abnormal four-chamber view resp. discordant positions of heart and stomach were found in 75% resp. 70% of all cases. Segmental analysis of the heart including the upper abdomen should therefore become part of teaching fetal echocardiography.

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“…The cyclic voltammogram (CV) of the reduction of 1 + shows a fully reversible one‐electron transfer to 1 ,RED,rad 28. The persistent radical has already been characterized by its absorption maximum at 445 nm12 and its ESR spectrum,12, 13 whose highly resolved pattern reflects the C 3 symmetry of 1 ,RED,rad 14. In contrast, the cyclic voltammogram for the oxidation of 1 + recorded with a slow scan rate at room temperature shows only one wave at E p =920 mV.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%