Radical Homo‐ and Copolymerization of Acrylamide and Ionic Monomers in Weak Magnetic Field

Rintoul, Ignacio; Wandrey, Christine

doi:10.1002/masy.200850116

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As pointed out by the authors, k p was considered to be constant in their system because of the absence of radical–radical interaction; nevertheless, magnetic field induced molecular orientation that improved the k p could not be ruled out in other systems. In addition to previous work, efforts to the effect of magnetic field on the copolymerization of AM with ionic monomers (e.g., AA and DADMAC) have also been done by Rintoul et al , Results showed that the use of a magnetic field accelerated the monomer-consuming rate; however, the composition of the resulting copolymers did not respond to the external magnetic field. This resulted from the negligible difference in reactivity ratio calculated from the kinetic data obtained with and without applied magnetic field.…”

Section: Magneto-regulated Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of External Field in Polymerization: Mechanism and Kinetics

et al. 2020

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The past decades have witnessed an increasing interest in developing advanced polymerization techniques subjected to external fields. Various physical modulations, such as temperature, light, electricity, magnetic field, ultrasound, and microwave irradiation, are noninvasive means, having superb but distinct abilities to regulate polymerizations in terms of process intensification and spatial and temporal controls. Gas as an emerging regulator plays a distinctive role in controlling polymerization and resembles a physical regulator in some cases. This review provides a systematic overview of seven types of external-field-regulated polymerizations, ranging from chain-growth to step-growth polymerization. A detailed account of the relevant mechanism and kinetics is provided to better understand the role of each external field in polymerization. In addition, given the crucial role of modeling and simulation in mechanisms and kinetics investigation, an overview of model construction and typical numerical methods used in this field as well as highlights of the interaction between experiment and simulation toward kinetics in the existing systems are given. At the end, limitations and future perspectives for this field are critically discussed. This state-of-the-art research progress not only provides the fundamental principles underlying external-field-regulated polymerizations but also stimulates new development of advanced polymerization methods.

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Section: Magneto-regulated Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of External Field in Polymerization: Mechanism and Kinetics

et al. 2020

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“…Increase of molar mass of polyAA. No effect in the molar mass of polyAM and copolymer compositions [20,21] AA: acrylic acid, AC: vinyl acetate, AHC: 1,1 -azobis(cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile); AIBN: 2,2 -azobisisobutyronitrile; AM: acrylamide, AMP: 2,2 -azobis(2-methylpropionitrile); AN: acrylonitrile; APA: 4,4 -azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid); BK: benzyl ketone; BMA: butylmethacrylate; BP: benzoyl peroxide, C 26 The aim of this work is to establish some criteria for recipe preparation and reaction conditions needed to study the MF effects on the kinetics of radical polymerization of acrylamide (AM) [22] and to conclude the consequences for the overall rate expression expressed as Equation (1) and the kinetic chain length expressed as Equation (2) [23]:…”

Section: An Aibn Bulkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic control of aqueous polymerization using radicals generated in different spin states

Rintoul

2017

Processes

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Background: Magnetic fields can interact with liquid matter in a homogeneous and instantaneous way, without physical contact, independently of its temperature, pressure, and agitation degree, and without modifying recipes nor heat and mass transfer conditions. In addition, magnetic fields may affect the mechanisms of generation and termination of free radicals. This paper is devoted to the elucidation of the appropriate conditions needed to develop magnetic field effects for controlling the kinetics of polymerization of water soluble monomers. Methods: Thermal-and photochemically-initiated polymerizations were investigated at different initiator and monomer concentrations, temperatures, viscosities, and magnetic field intensities. Results: Significant magnetic field impact on the polymerization kinetics was only observed in photochemically-initiated polymerizations carried out in viscous media and performed at relatively low magnetic field intensity. Magnetic field effects were absent in polymerizations in low viscosity media and thermally-initiated polymerizations performed at low and high magnetic field intensities. The effects were explained in terms of the radical pair mechanism for intersystem crossing of spin states. Conclusion: Polymerization kinetics of water soluble monomers can be potentially controlled using magnetic fields only under very specific reaction conditions.

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“…Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and gold nanoparticles (CNPs) have been tried as catalysts to enhance the GOx activity during the oxidation of glucose in blood samples [32][33][34][35]. Moreover, magnetic fields can accelerate organic reactions by interacting with unpaired electrons [36][37][38]. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were successfully used to bind GOx to the electrode substrates of several glucose skin sensors [20,[39][40][41][42]].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic effects of magnetic and conductive nanoparticles on immobilized glucose oxidase in skin sensors

Alarcón-Segovia¹,

Bandodkar²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Nanotechnology

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Wearable skin sensors is a promising technology for real-time health care monitoring. They are of particular interest for monitoring glucose in diabetic patients. The concentration of glucose in sweat can be more than two orders of magnitude lower than in blood. In consequence, the scientific and technological efforts are focused in developing new concepts to enhance the sensitivity, decrease the limit of detection (LOD) and reduce the response time (RT) of glucose skin sensors. This work explores the effect of adsorbed superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and conductive nanoparticles (CNPs) on carbon nanotube substrates (CNTs) used to immobilize glucose oxidase enzyme in the working electrode of skin sensors. MNPs and CNPs are made of magnetite and gold, respectively. The performance of the sensors was tested in standard buffer solution, artificial sweat, fresh sweat and on the skin of a healthy volunteer during an exercise session. In the case of artificial sweat, the presence of MNPs accelerated the RT from 7 to 5 s at the expense of increasing the LOD from 0.017 to 0.022 mM with slight increase of the sensitivity from 4.90 to 5.09 μAm M −1 cm −2 . The presence of CNPs greatly accelerated the RT from 7 to 2 s and lowered the LOD from 0.017 to 0.014 mM at the expense of a great diminution of the sensitivity from 4.90 to 4.09 μAm M −1 cm −2 . These effects were explained mechanistically by analyzing the changes in the concentration of free oxygen and electrons promoted by MNPs and CNPs in the CNTs and its consequences on the the glucose oxidation process.

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Radical Homo‐ and Copolymerization of Acrylamide and Ionic Monomers in Weak Magnetic Field

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Role of External Field in Polymerization: Mechanism and Kinetics

Role of External Field in Polymerization: Mechanism and Kinetics

Kinetic control of aqueous polymerization using radicals generated in different spin states

Catalytic effects of magnetic and conductive nanoparticles on immobilized glucose oxidase in skin sensors

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