Radical addition of perfluorinated alkyl iodides to multi-layered graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes

Abstract

A simple one-pot reaction that serves to functionalize graphite nanosheets (graphene) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with perfluorinated alkyl groups is reported. Free radical addition of 1-iodo-1H,1H,2H, 2H-perfluorododecane to ortho-dichlorobenzene suspensions of the carbon nanomaterial is initiated by thermal decomposition of benzoyl peroxide. Similarly, UV photolysis of 1-iodo-perfluorodecane serves to functionalize the carbon materials. Perfluorododecyl-SWNTs, perfluorododecyl-graphene, and perfluorodecyl-graphene are characterized by infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The products show enhanced dispersability in CHCl 3 as compared to unfunctionalized starting materials. The advantage of this one-pot functionalization procedure lies in the use of pristine graphite as starting material thereby avoiding the use of harsh oxidizing conditions.

Broad Family of Carbon Nanoallotropes: Classification, Chemistry, and Applications of Fullerenes, Carbon Dots, Nanotubes, Graphene, Nanodiamonds, and Combined Superstructures

“…438 However, other radical precursors and initiators, including benzoyl peroxide 439,440 and tyrosine, 441 have also been used. 442,443 Dienophiles also react successfully with the sp 2 carbon atoms of graphenic/ graphitic nanostructures, although the extended aromatic character of these systems hinders further chemical reactivity.…”

Microfluidics-generated graphene oxide microspheres and their application to removal of perfluorooctane sulfonate from polluted water

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Moreover, it shows extraordinary electronic properties compared with many of the conventional materials; the highly conductive graphene becomes an insulator after hydrogenation.…”