Radiative calibration of heat-flux sensors at NIST: Facilities and techniques

Murthy, A V.; Tsai, Benjamin K.; Saunders, Robert D.

doi:10.6028/jres.105.033

Cited by 42 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…3000 K The majority of the requirements mentioned above for matching the properties of calibration light sources and shock pyrometry experiments can be easily satisfied when the measured temperatures do not exceed approximately 2300 K. Many commercially available, compact blackbody simulators operate below 1800 K. 12,13,41 Some experimental models were reported that operate up to 3300 K. [42][43][44] However, reasonably stable and well-characterized blackbodies operating above 3000 K are quite bulky and require water cooling and inert gas purging of window-covered hot cavities. 45,46 We found only two vendors of commercial blackbody simulators operating above 2300 K. 47,48 Each of these devices weighs approximately 182 kg and has a volume of 0.7-0.8 m 3 .…”

Section: Review Of Calibration Sources For Shock Temperature Pyromentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributed Review: Absolute spectral radiance calibration of fiber-optic shock-temperature pyrometers using a coiled-coil irradiance standard lamp

Fat’yanov

Asimow

2015

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Development of a fast fiber-optic two-color pyrometer for the temperature measurement of surfaces with varying emissivities Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 3366 (2001); 10.1063/1.1384448 This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AIP content is subject to the terms at: http://scitationnew. We describe an accurate and precise calibration procedure for multichannel optical pyrometers such as the 6-channel, 3-ns temporal resolution instrument used in the Caltech experimental geophysics laboratory. We begin with a review of calibration sources for shock temperatures in the 3000-30 000 K range. High-power, coiled tungsten halogen standards of spectral irradiance appear to be the only practical alternative to NIST-traceable tungsten ribbon lamps, which are no longer available with large enough calibrated area. However, non-uniform radiance complicates the use of such coiled lamps for reliable and reproducible calibration of pyrometers that employ imaging or relay optics. Careful analysis of documented methods of shock pyrometer calibration to coiled irradiance standard lamps shows that only one technique, not directly applicable in our case, is free of major radiometric errors. We provide a detailed description of the modified Caltech pyrometer instrument and a procedure for its absolute spectral radiance calibration, accurate to ±5%. We employ a designated central area of a 0.7× demagnified image of a coiled-coil tungsten halogen lamp filament, cross-calibrated against a NIST-traceable tungsten ribbon lamp. We give the results of the cross-calibration along with descriptions of the optical arrangement, data acquisition, and processing. We describe a procedure to characterize the difference between the static and dynamic response of amplified photodetectors, allowing time-dependent photodiode correction factors for spectral radiance histories from shock experiments. We validate correct operation of the modified Caltech pyrometer with actual shock temperature experiments on single-crystal NaCl and MgO and obtain very good agreement with the literature data for these substances. We conclude with a summary of the most essential requirements for error-free calibration of a fiber-optic shock-temperature pyrometer using a high-power coiled tungsten halogen irradiance standard lamp. C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.[http://dx

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Section: Review Of Calibration Sources For Shock Temperature Pyromentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributed Review: Absolute spectral radiance calibration of fiber-optic shock-temperature pyrometers using a coiled-coil irradiance standard lamp

Fat’yanov

Asimow

2015

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…The blackbody can be heated up to 500 K with a DC power supply. The calibration is performed in vacuum, so that only radiative transfers occur between the blackbody and the HFM, satisfying thus the NIST (National Institute of Standard and Technology) procedure [19].…”

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly sensitive measurements of the energy transferred during plasma sputter deposition of metals

Bedra¹,

Thomann²,

Semmar³

et al. 2010

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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To cite this version:L Bedra, a L Thomann, N Semmar, R Dussart, J Mathias. Highly sensitive measurements of the energy transferred during plasma sputter deposition of metals. AbstractThis work reports results obtained from heat flux measurements performed during the deposition of metallic thin films by low-pressure plasma sputtering. It introduces a sensitive diagnostic, which allows to perform such measurements directly during the process and to follow in real-time mechanisms involved in plasma/surface interaction. Although quantitative results are provided and discussed, the main scope of this article is a qualitative study of the sputter-deposition process via the energy flux transfers. The diagnostic developed for energy flux measurements is presented and the versatility of the experimental apparatus is described.Results on the study of the deposition of Pt (and Fe) thin films demonstrate a good reproducibility of the measurements and the ability to separate the energetic contributions of the main plasma (∼ 300 mW/cm 2 ) from the deposition process ones (2 to 23 mW/cm 2 ). The influence of gas pressure, plasma power and target bias voltage, on the energy transferred to the silicon substrate is also studied.

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“…The inferred heat flow had 10% uncertainty (for Q f = 12 W). This contrasts with estimates of 2% error for proprietary heat flux meters as measured at NIST using steady radiative heat flow [14] or 3% considering unsteady spray cooling [15]. …”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 58%

Timewise temperature control with heat metering using a thermoelectric module

Ahamat

Tierney

2011

Applied Thermal Engineering

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A thermoelectric module was adapted to (1) control the face temperature of an aluminium sample as a function of time, and (2) measure the associated instantaneous rate of heat transfer into the sample. Proportional (P) or Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controls were applied. With respect to time, constant temperature, sinusoidal and triangular temperature variations were tested. These temperatures were well within 0.1 K of the set point (one standard error). Tests on square wave temperature variation indicated the limitations of the module heating and cooling power. For the range of temperatures explored, the thermoelectric properties of the module were found by fitting predicted temperatures to experimental measurements (the module electrical resistance was taken from the manufacturer's data). Associated uncertainty, typically ± 10% of total heat flow at 12 Watt, was far bigger than the ± 2% for heat flow meters assessed against National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) calibrations; nonetheless the temporal resolution (3 readings per second) offers some useful insight into thermal processes.

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Radiative calibration of heat-flux sensors at NIST: Facilities and techniques

Cited by 42 publications

References 4 publications

Contributed Review: Absolute spectral radiance calibration of fiber-optic shock-temperature pyrometers using a coiled-coil irradiance standard lamp

Contributed Review: Absolute spectral radiance calibration of fiber-optic shock-temperature pyrometers using a coiled-coil irradiance standard lamp

Highly sensitive measurements of the energy transferred during plasma sputter deposition of metals

Timewise temperature control with heat metering using a thermoelectric module

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