Radiation trapping and self-quenching analysis in Yb3+, Er3+, and Ho3+ doped Y2O3

Auzel, F.; Baldacchini, G.; Laversenne, L.; Boulon, G.

doi:10.1016/s0925-3467(03)00112-5

Cited by 218 publications

(165 citation statements)

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“…Auzel et al found critical concentrations of approximately x 0 < 10% for the three ions investigated 51 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…This can be ascribed to concentration quenching, i.e., migration of the excitation energy over the Tm 31 sublattice until it reaches a quenching site. The effect has been studied in detail by Auzel et al 51 for the lowest excited state of Yb 31 , Er 31 , and Ho 31 in the crystalline host material Y 2 O 3 . They used a model where the PL quantum efficiency of emission depends on the concentration of luminescent ions x as g em (x)~1z 9 2p…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-photon quantum cutting in Gd2O2S:Tm3+ to enhance the photo-response of solar cells

Martín-Rodríguez

Zhang

et al. 2015

Light Sci Appl

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Conventional photoluminescence (PL) yields at most one emitted photon for each absorption event. Downconversion (or quantum cutting) materials can yield more than one photon by virtue of energy transfer processes between luminescent centers. In this work, we introduce Gd 2 O 2 S:Tm 31 as a multi-photon quantum cutter. It can convert near-infrared, visible, or ultraviolet photons into two, three, or four infrared photons of ,1800 nm, respectively. The cross-relaxation steps between Tm 31 ions that lead to quantum cutting are identified from (time-resolved) PL as a function of the Tm 31 concentration in the crystal. A model is presented that reproduces the way in which the Tm 31 concentration affects both the relative intensities of the various emission lines and the excited state dynamics and providing insight in the quantum cutting efficiency. Finally, we discuss the potential application of Gd 2 O 2 S:Tm 31 for spectral conversion to improve the efficiency of next-generation photovoltaics. Keywords: downconversion; infrared emission; quantum cutting; solar cells; spectral conversions INTRODUCTION Over the last decade, advanced luminescent materials exhibiting downconversion, also known as quantum cutting or quantum splitting, have been developed 1,2 . In this process, a high-energy photon is converted into two or more lower-energy photons, with a quantum efficiency of potentially well over 100% 3 . If the downconverted photons are in the visible range, this concept is of interest for color conversion layers in conventional lighting applications 1,2,4-6 . New exciting possibilities of downconversion to infrared (IR) photons lie in next-generation photovoltaics, aiming at minimizing the spectral mismatch losses in solar cells [7][8][9][10][11] .Spectral mismatch is the result of the broad width of the spectrum emitted by the sun. Semiconductor absorber materials absorb only photons with an energy hn higher than the band gap E g 7 . To absorb many photons and produce a large electrical current, absorber materials must therefore have a small bandgap. However, because excited charge carriers rapidly thermalize to the edges of a semiconductor's conduction and valence bands, a high voltage output requires an absorber with a large band gap. Hence, materials with low transmission losses (leading to a large current) have high thermalization losses (leading to a low voltage) and vice versa 12,13 . These spectral mismatch losses constitute the major factor defining the relatively low ShockleyQueisser limit 14 , the maximum light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 33% in a single-junction solar cell, obtained for a band gap of approximately 1.1 eV (1100 nm) 13 .Efficiencies higher than 33% can be reached with multi-junction solar cells, where a stack of multiple absorber materials are each optimized to efficiently convert different parts of the solar spectrum to

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“…Auzel et al found critical concentrations of approximately x 0 < 10% for the three ions investigated 51 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-photon quantum cutting in Gd2O2S:Tm3+ to enhance the photo-response of solar cells

Martín-Rodríguez

Zhang

et al. 2015

Light Sci Appl

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“…The decline is due to concentration quenching because the critical concentration of Yb 31 was observed to be 7.36% in the Y 2 O 3 host. 15 We evaluate g r4 , g MPR43 , g CRNB and g CRB based on the observed increase in the Er 31 1530 nm emission, Yb 31 1040 nm emission and Er 31 R/G ratio for 520 nm excitation. Considering the distinct increment (I 1 2i 1 ) in 1530 nm emission intensity in the presence of Yb 31 , one may also observe a small increase for x50.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of efficient population of the red-emitting state from the green state by non-multiphonon relaxation in the Er3+–Yb3+ system

et al. 2015

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The rare earth Er 31 and Yb 31 codoped system is the most attractive for showcasing energy transfer upconversion. This system can generate green and red emissions from Er 31 under infrared excitation of the sensitizer Yb 31 . It is well known that the red-emitting state can be populated from the upper green-emitting state. The contribution of multiphonon relaxation to this population is generally considered important at low excitation densities. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the importance of a previously proposed but neglected mechanism described as a cross relaxation energy transfer from Er 31 to Yb 31 , followed by an energy back transfer within the same Er 31 -Yb 31 pair. A luminescence spectroscopy study of cubic Y 2 O 3 :Er 31 , Yb 31 indicates that this mechanism can be more efficient than multiphonon relaxation, and it can even make a major contribution to the red upconversion. The study also revealed that the energy transfers involved in this mechanism take place only in the nearest Er 31 -Yb 31 pairs, and thus, it is fast and efficient at low excitation densities. Our results enable a better understanding of upconversion processes and properties in the Er 31 -Yb 31 system. Light: Science & Applications (2015) 4, e239; doi:10.1038/lsa.2015.12; published online 16 January 2015 Keywords: energy transfer; erbium-ytterbium system; upconversion luminescence INTRODUCTION Infrared to visible upconversion luminescence has been extensively studied for its fundamental value 1-3 and its various potential applications in upconversion lasers, 4 bioimaging, 5 etc. The codoping of Er 31 and a high concentration of sensitizer Yb 31 forms the most attractive energy transfer upconversion (ETU) system. Under infrared (980 nm) excitation of the sensitizer Yb 31 , this system can generate green and red upconversions originating from the 4 S 3/2 R 4 I 15/2 and 4 F 9/2 R 4 I 15/2 transitions of Er 31 , respectively. Unlike the green upconversion, the red upconversion benefits from several possible excitation mechanisms. 6,7 Multiphonon relaxation (MPR) from the upper 4 S 3/2 state and ETU from the lower intermediate 4 I 13/2 state are generally considered dominant at low infrared excitation densities because other mechanisms involving three photon processes 6,7 become important only at high infrared excitation densities, 8 which is not the topic of this work.The MPR is not the only mechanism for populating the 4 F 9/2 from the 4 S 3/2 ; a non-MPR mechanism was proposed earlier, 8 but it has not been considered important since then. This mechanism involves two sequential energy transfers between Er 31 and Yb 31 . The first step is a well-known cross-relaxation (CR) energy transfer from Er 31 in the

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“…At this point, we postulate inter-particle collision assisted radiative trapping (or self-absorption) as the UCNP-UCNP interacting mechanism causing the observed spectral changes. [44][45][46] To support this statement, figure 6a shows the room temperature absorption and emission spectra of a colloidal suspension of UCNPs (10 15 NP/cm 3 ) in the red spectral region. The spectral overlap between absorption and emission bands is evident.…”

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confidence: 84%

Assessing Single Upconverting Nanoparticle Luminescence by Optical Tweezers

et al. 2015

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Esta es la versión de autor del artículo publicado en: This is an author produced version of a paper published in: trapping with a single infrared laser beam. Contrary to expectations, the single UCNP emission differs from that generated by an assembly of UCNPs. The experimental data reveal that the differences can be explained in terms of modulations caused by radiationtrapping, a phenomenon not considered before but this work reveals to be of great relevance.

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Radiation trapping and self-quenching analysis in Yb3+, Er3+, and Ho3+ doped Y2O3

Cited by 218 publications

References 11 publications

Multi-photon quantum cutting in Gd2O2S:Tm3+ to enhance the photo-response of solar cells

Multi-photon quantum cutting in Gd2O2S:Tm3+ to enhance the photo-response of solar cells

Observation of efficient population of the red-emitting state from the green state by non-multiphonon relaxation in the Er3+–Yb3+ system

Assessing Single Upconverting Nanoparticle Luminescence by Optical Tweezers

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