Radiation thermodynamics with applications to lasing and fluorescent cooling

Mungan, Carl E.

doi:10.1119/1.1842732

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Since the incident laser light has a very small bandwidth and propagates in a well-defined direction, it has almost zero entropy. On the other hand, the fluorescence is relatively broadband and is propagating in all directions and therefore it has comparatively larger entropy [110,111]. In this way, the second law of thermodynamics is satisfied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

A Review of Heat Transfer Physics

Carey

Chen

Grigoropoulos

et al. 2008

Nanoscale & Microscale Thermophysical Eng.

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With rising science contents of the engineering research and education, we give examples of the quest for fundamental understanding of heat transfer at the atomic level. These include transport as well as interactions (energy conversion) involving phonon, electron, fluid particle, and photon (or electromagnetic wave). Examples are 1. development of MD and DSMC fluid simulations as tools in nanoscale and microscale thermophysical engineering. 2. nanoscale thermal radiation, where the characteristic structural size becomes comparable to or smaller than the radiation (electromagnetic) wavelength. 3. laser-based nanoprocessing, where the surface topography, texture, etc., are modified with nanometer lateral feature definition using pulsed laser beams and confining optical energy by coupling to near-field scanning optical microscopes. 4. photon-electron-phonon couplings in laser cooling of solids, where the thermal vibrational energy (phonon) is removed by the anti-Stokes fluorescence; i.e., the photons emitted by an optical material have a mean energy higher than that of the absorbed photons.Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 12: 1-60, 2008 Copyright Ó Taylor 5. exploring the limits of thermal transport in nanostructured materials using spectrally dependent phonon scattering and vibrational spectra mismatching, to impede a particular phonon bands.These examples suggest that the atomic-level heat transfer builds on and expands electromagnetism (EM), atomic-molecular-optical physics, and condensed-matter physics. The theoretical treatments include ab initio calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, Boltzmann transport theory, and near-field EM thermal emission prediction. Experimental methods include near-field microscopy.Heat transfer physics describes the kinetics of storage, transport, and transformation of microscale energy carriers (phonon, electron, fluid particle, and photon). Sensible heat is stored in the thermal motion of atoms in various phases of matter. The atomic energy states and their populations are described by the classical and the quantum statistical mechanics (partition function and combinatoric energy distribution probabilities). Transport of thermal energy by the microscale carriers is based on their particle, quasi-particle, and wave descriptions; their diffusion, flow, and propagation; and their scattering and transformation encountered as they travel. The mechanisms of energy transitions among these energy carriers, and their rates (kinetics), are governed by the match of their energies, their interaction probabilities, and the various hindering-mechanism rate (kinetics) limits. Conservation of energy describes the interplay among energy storage, transport, and conversion, from the atomic to the continuum scales.With advances in micro-and nanotechnology, heat transfer engineering of micro-and nanostructured systems has offered new opportunities for research and education. New journals, including Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, have allowed communi...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

A Review of Heat Transfer Physics

Carey

Chen

Grigoropoulos

et al. 2008

Nanoscale & Microscale Thermophysical Eng.

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“…where S is the entropy of the laser pulse and E is its total energy, leads to the so called brightness temperature of the laser light [25]. The entropy of the laser light is usually calculated by counting states for identical bosons [15,24].…”

Section: Interpretation Of Obtained Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TH‐C‐350‐06: Laser‐To‐Proton Energy Transfer Efficiency in Laser‐Plasma Interactions

Fourkal

Veltchev

2008

Medical Physics

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It is shown that the energy of protons accelerated in laser-matter interaction experiments may be significantly increased through the process of splitting the incoming laser pulse into multiple interaction stages of equal intensity. From a thermodynamic point of view, the splitting procedure can be viewed as an effective way of increasing the efficiency of energy transfer from the laser light to protons, which peaks for processes having the least amount of entropy gain. It is predicted that it should be possible to achieve 100% increase in the energy efficiency in a six-stage laser proton accelerator compared to a single laser-target interaction scheme.

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“…Not the quantity matters here, but the quality. Also, while the entropy related to the ink distribution of a printed letter may be small compared to the thermal background entropy of the paper sheet, Shannon's information entropy of a modulated laser beam in vacuum [52,53] can be assumed as of similar order of magnitude as Planck's thermodynamic entropy of a monochromatic ray of light [42,44], provided that both are expressed in comparable units. In those two cases of structurally different information carriers, the actual message transferred may be exactly the same.…”

Section: Entropy As a Value Of Structural Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entropy and the Self-Organization of Information and Value

Feistel

Ébeling

2016

Entropy

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Adam Smith, Charles Darwin, Rudolf Clausius, and Léon Brillouin considered certain "values" as key quantities in their descriptions of market competition, natural selection, thermodynamic processes, and information exchange, respectively. None of those values can be computed from elementary properties of the particular object they are attributed to, but rather values represent emergent, irreducible properties. In this paper, such values are jointly understood as information values in certain contexts. For this aim, structural information is distinguished from symbolic information. While the first can be associated with arbitrary physical processes or structures, the latter requires conventions which govern encoding and decoding of the symbols which form a message. As a value of energy, Clausius' entropy is a universal measure of the structural information contained in a thermodynamic system. The structural information of a message, in contrast to its meaning, can be evaluated by Shannon's entropy of communication. Symbolic information is found only in the realm of life, such as in animal behavior, human sociology, science, or technology, and is often cooperatively valuated by competition. Ritualization is described here as a universal scenario for the self-organization of symbols by which symbolic information emerges from structural information in the course of evolution processes. Emergent symbolic information exhibits the novel fundamental code symmetry which prevents the meaning of a message from being reducible to the physical structure of its carrier. While symbols turn arbitrary during the ritualization transition, their structures preserve information about their evolution history.

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Radiation thermodynamics with applications to lasing and fluorescent cooling

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

A Review of Heat Transfer Physics

A Review of Heat Transfer Physics

TH‐C‐350‐06: Laser‐To‐Proton Energy Transfer Efficiency in Laser‐Plasma Interactions

Entropy and the Self-Organization of Information and Value

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