Radiation induced mutagen sensitivity and chlorophyll mutation frequency on sesame seeds

Abstract

Effect of gamma irradiation on genomic disorder in sesame are scanty. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the mutagenic effects of gamma rays on different parameters in two popular cultivars of sesame, Roma and Tilottama. Seeds of these two cultivars were irradiated with five doses of gamma rays: (250, 300, 350, 400, and 450 Gy) at BARC, Trombay and were sown (along with the un-irradiated control) during March 2015 in a split plot design with 3 replications keeping row to row and plant to plant distance at 30 cm and 10 cm, respectively to determine mutagen sensitivity with regard to pollen fertility (%), germination (%) and seedling height (cm), root-shoot length (cm), plant survival (%) at maturity in M generation. To study 1 mutability, four to five capsules from each M plants in all the treatments were collected separately to give rise 1 the M generation. Individual plant progeny rows were sown in M during March 2016. ID was determined by 2 2 50 probit analysis for germination, shoot-root length and plant survival. Since the dose requirement for pollen fertility is very high, ID was calculated instead of ID value. 30 50 It was observed that with increasing doses of gamma rays, the response of all characters decreased significantly and followed a linear relationship in both varieties. The root system was more profound to gamma rays than the shoot. Chlorophyll mutations showed independent response to different doses of gamma rays as they occurred in random. The mutability of genotype Roma induced with different doses of gamma rays was higher than that of Tilottama. Due to saturation in the mutational actions, response of characters decreased with increase in gamma ray doses but magnitudes of effect differed between genotypes. The cultivar Tilottama was found to be more sensitive than Roma.

Optimal Lethal Dose Determination for Gamma Rays and EMS Induced Mutagenesis in TMV7 and SVPR1 Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Varieties

“…Inhibitory effect of gamma rays attributed towards physiological injury and chromosomal damage at the cellular level of mutated seeds [17,18,19].The percentage seed germination observed gradual reduction and at higher doses maximum reduction was recorded. The above results were in agreement with [20,21] worked different sesame genotypes.…”

Biological effects of electron beam to target turning X-ray (EBTTX) on two freesia (Freesia hybrida) cultivars

“…Meanwhile, carotenoids in chlorophyll, including carotene and its oxygen-containing derivatives (such as lutein), involved in various antioxidant reactions and photosynthesis to activate defense systems and resist oxidative damage ( Kim et al, 2004 ). When the levels of radiation increase above the maximum limit of the tolerance of the plants, the capabilities of the photosynthetic apparatus will be decreased by damaging the photosystem, thus resulting in a decrease in chlorophyll content ( Perez-Ambrocio et al, 2018 ; Saha & Paul, 2019 ). In addition, high-dose irradiation can also indirectly affect photosynthesis by impairing the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate ( Saha & Paul, 2019 ).…”

“…Electron beam to target turning X-ray (EBTTX), a new type of irradiation technology, is a bremsstrahlung X-ray produced by the sudden deceleration of a high-energy electron beam bombarding heavy metals. EBTTX was not only used to sterilize the fungal and bacterial colonies on various material surface, but also can provide variation in plant structure and function from which breeders can select plants having useful traits ( Borgognoni et al, 2017 ; Saha & Paul, 2019 ). This irradiation technology has the advantages of both electron beam and X-ray irradiations such as easy operation, high accuracy, no radioactive source, strong penetrating ability, and good repeatability ( Orazem, Štajner & Bohanec, 2013 ; Mondal et al, 2017 ).…”

Morphological Characteristics and Productivity of Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum CV Purple Guinea) Irradiated with Gamma-Ray

“…Each type of plant has a certain dose of irradiation in increasing its productivity. In millet, the right dose to increase its production is 400-500 Gy (Ambavane et al, 2015), 45 Krad (450 Gy) in wheat Batoor varieties and 15 Krad (150 Gy) for Janbaz varieties (Ahmed, 2017), 440.15 Gy in Sesamum indicum L (Saha & Paul, 2019), while in Cynodon grass the right dose is 70-100 Gy. This dose was the dosage between LD 20 -LD 50 for Guinea grass cv Purple Guinea where at those doses more diversity appeared.…”

“…Mutation induction using gamma irradiation has been widely used to increase the variability and productivity of a plant (Saha & Paul, 2019). Gamma-ray are the most efficient ionizing irradiation to create mutants in plants because they can induce a high number of mutations.…”