Radiation-induced modification of montmorillonite used as a filler in PP composite

Nowicki, Andrzej; Przybytniak, G.; Kornacka, Ewa; Mirkowski, K.; Zimek, Z.

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2006.07.005

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The acidic sites can accept a single electron from donor molecules with low ionization potentials, thereby producing free radicals [40]. These free radicals can accelerate oxidative degradation or induce the crosslinking of polymeric chains [17].…”

Section: Gel Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of electron beam irradiation on the properties of ethylene‐(vinyl acetate) copolymer/natural rubber/organoclay nanocomposites

Munusamy¹,

Ismail²,

Mariatti³

et al. 2009

Vinyl Additive Technology

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The effects of electron beam (EB) irradiation on the morphology, crosslink density, and tensile properties of EVA/SMR L (Standard Malaysian Rubber)/organoclay nanocomposites prepared by a melt-blending technique were investigated. All the samples were irradiated by using a 3.0-MeV EB apparatus with doses ranging from 50 to 200 kGy. Organoclay loading was varied from 0 to 10 phr (parts by weight per hundred parts of resin). X-ray diffraction results and transmission electron microscopy images proved that the dispersion of organoclay in the nanocomposites was slightly improved by EB irradiation. The gel fraction yield for the nanocomposites increased with irradiation dose but decreased with organoclay loading. However, at 200 kGy, the gel fraction yield was almost the same at all organoclay loadings. Tensile strength and stress at 100% elongation increased proportionally with the irradiation dose. Elongation at break of the nanocomposites increased up to 100 kGy but then decreased at higher irradiation doses. The intercalation and exfoliation of the organoclay, the barrier effect, and the Hofmann degradation of the modification agent are the three major factors leading to the improvement of the properties of the irradiated nanocomposites. J. VINYL

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Section: Gel Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of electron beam irradiation on the properties of ethylene‐(vinyl acetate) copolymer/natural rubber/organoclay nanocomposites

Munusamy¹,

Ismail²,

Mariatti³

et al. 2009

Vinyl Additive Technology

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to render the surface treatment of silicate layers more hydrophobic, which facilitates exfoliation . Generally, this can be done by the application of quaternary ammonium salts comprising of long alkyl chains . This modification also leads to the expanding of the basal spacing between the silicate layers due to the presence of long alkyl chain intercalated between layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MMT nanoparticles contain many hydroxyl groups that might be modified upon irradiation and subsequently, undergo intermolecular connection to unsaturated carbon‐to‐carbon bond broken by gamma radiation. The stable radicals created during high energy radiation exposure are able to initiate linkages between the organic parts of compatibilizers and polymeric matrix …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Generally, this can be done by the application of quaternary ammonium salts comprising of long alkyl chains. 8,9 This modification also leads to the expanding of the basal spacing between the silicate layers due to the presence of long alkyl chain intercalated between layers. For polymer containing polar functional groups, an alkyl ammonium surfactant is an adequate filler which promotes the nanocomposite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stable radicals created during high energy radiation exposure are able to initiate linkages between the organic parts of compatibilizers and polymeric matrix. 8 The transferred high energy from incidental radiation is the origin of a wide variety of excited state electrons and ions along tracks that may lead to subsequent reactions such as polymerization, crosslinking, grafting, and degradation. [10][11][12] Bee et al 13 reported that the formation of crosslinking networks in polymer matrix by irradiation dose up to 250 kGy and the increasing of the MMT loading level could improve the thermal and mechanical properties of LDPE-EVA (low density polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate) blends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal and mechanical behavior evaluation of dental composites filled with irradiated montmorillonite

Campos

Zaharescu

Boaro

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effects of pre‐irradiation treatment (dose ranged from 25 to 50 kGy) of MMT (Montmorillonite) nanoclay added as filler (50 wt %) in experimental dental composites was studied; composites containing similar amounts of non‐irradiated MMT were also tested. The thermal stability of the resulting material was tested by thermogravimetric analysis ranging from 50 to 800 °C. Elastic modulus and flexural strength were determined by the three point bending test (n = 10). Data for elastic modulus was analyzed using two way ANOVA/Tukey's test. Data for flexural strength was analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis/Tukey's test. For all tests, the global significance level was 5%. The modifications in elastic modulus and flexural strength with applied dose were characterized. X‐ray diffraction analysis allows the depicting of intercalation phenomenon between base‐polymer and nanophase. The polymeric system modified with MMT nanoparticles showed higher thermal stability by delaying the thermal degradation, compared to the control group, and the radiation dose influenced this thermal behavior directly. However, the applied dose was not sufficient to improve the mechanical properties significantly, which is related to the interaction between MMT and polymeric matrix. The pre‐irradiation treatment of MMT nanoclay phase was useful for attaining efficient interaction between the two constitutive phases of the polymeric systems based bis‐GMA/TEGDMA [bisphenol A bis(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloxypropyl)ether/triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate], modified with MMT nanoparticles, because the polymer component was not affected. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45063.

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The effect of trimethylol propane tetraacrylate (TMPTA) and organoclay loading on the properties of electron beam irradiated ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/natural rubber (SMR L)/organoclay nanocomposites

Ismail

Munusamy

Mariatti

et al. 2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/natural rubber (SMR L)/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending technique with 0-10 phr organoclay loading and 3 phr TMPTA. Electron beam initiated crosslinking on these samples was carried out using a 3.0 MeV electron beam machine with doses ranging from 50 to 200 kGy. XRD results proved that dispersion of organoclay in the nanocomposites was slightly improved by irradiation with TMPTA. This was further supported by transmission electron microscopy images, where the nanoscale dispersion of organoclay was more homogenous throughout the irradiated polymer matrix compared to nonirradiated samples. TMPTA also increased the gel fraction yield, tensile properties and thermal stability of the irradiated neat EVA/SMR L and its nanocomposites. TMPTA was found to act as a crosslink initiator, which promotes crosslink bridges via free radical mechanism in EVA/SMR L matrix. SEM observation shows that the fracture behavior of the irradiated neat EVA/SMR L and its nanocomposites with TMPTA is significantly different compared to the fracture behavior of the nonirradiated neat EVA/SMR L. The distinct failure surface structure formed in the irradiated samples with TMPTA explains the overall higher value of tensile properties.

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Radiation-induced modification of montmorillonite used as a filler in PP composite

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of electron beam irradiation on the properties of ethylene‐(vinyl acetate) copolymer/natural rubber/organoclay nanocomposites

Effect of electron beam irradiation on the properties of ethylene‐(vinyl acetate) copolymer/natural rubber/organoclay nanocomposites

Thermal and mechanical behavior evaluation of dental composites filled with irradiated montmorillonite

The effect of trimethylol propane tetraacrylate (TMPTA) and organoclay loading on the properties of electron beam irradiated ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/natural rubber (SMR L)/organoclay nanocomposites

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