Radiation-induced intestinal inflammation

Abstract

Radiation induces an important inflammatory response in the irradiated organs, characterized by leukocyte infiltration and vascular changes that are the main limiting factor in the application of this therapeutic modality for the treatment of cancer. Recently, a considerable investigative effort has been directed at determining the molecular mechanisms by which radiation induces leukocyte recruitment, in order to create strategies to prevent intestinal inflammatory damage. In these review, we consider current available evidence on the factors governing the process of leukocyte recruitment in irradiated organs, mainly derived from experimental studies, with special attention to adhesion molecules, and their value as therapeutic targets.

Ferulic Acid Attenuates Adhesion Molecule Expression in Gamma-Radiated Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cells

“…1) Adhesion molecules on the endothelial and non-vascular cells mediate the cell to cell interaction and play an important role in facilitating the immune response at the inflammation sites.…”

The TG-interacting Factor TGIF1 Regulates Stress-induced Proinflammatory Phenotype of Endothelial Cells

“…Radiation-induced side effects are associated with acute and chronic activation of the endothelium in preclinical models (15) as well as in patients (22). The radiation-induced inflammatory response is common to irradiated tissues and involves endothelial cell activation and secretion of a panel of adhesion molecules, inflammatory mediators, and growth factors (23). Here, we show for the first time that TGIF1 plays a role in the radiation-induced proinflammatory phenotype of endothelial cells.…”

Radiation Toxins - Effects of Radiation Toxicity, Molecular Mechanisms of Action, Radiomimetic Properties and Possible Countermeasures for Radiation Injury

“…[19,20,28,30,64,65]. Acute Radiation Disease (ARD) or Acute Radiation Syndromes (ARS) were defined as a toxic, poisonous exposure with development of the acute pathological processes in irradiated animals: systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), toxic multiple organ injury (TMOI), toxic multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (TMOD), toxic multiple organ failure (TMOF) [2,5,18,19,21,89,90,91].…”

“…The clinical picture of radiation-induced hepatitis includes hepatomegaly, ascites, pleural effusion and alteration in liver function. Radiation injury of the central nervous system (CNS) has devastating and fatal clinical consequences and severely limits the dose that can be delivered in the radiotherapy of brain, head and neck, pulmonary and other tumors [19,28,30,64,65]. Hematopoetic system toxicity is a major limiting factor in the use of aggressive, combined modality therapy (chemotherapy + radiotherapy) in the treatment of malignant disease [14,22,40].…”