Radiation Toxins - Effects of Radiation Toxicity, Molecular Mechanisms of Action, Radiomimetic Properties and Possible Countermeasures for Radiation Injury

Popov, Dmitri; Jones, Jeffrey A.; Maliev, V.

doi:10.5772/33806

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(89 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As part of a broader effort to pursue exploratory missions in 2005, NASA entered into a Space Act Agreement with industry partners to research dietary supplement agents, and formulate combinations as a means to promote astronaut health, increase physical and mental resiliency, and act as potential countermeasures against space-induced oxidative stress. A number of experiments and publications have since taken place as a result of these joint efforts [ 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 ]. The radioprotectant protocol developed as a result is comprised of a daily multi-vitamin and multi-mineral formulation intended to ensure and standardize the intake of all micronutrients identified as essential, plus a combination of food-based polyphenols, carotenoids, flavonoids, amino-acid derivatives, and other compounds shown to have antioxidant activity, or provide some measure of chemoprotection against ROS ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Countermeasuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigators at the Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM) and associated institutions led by Dr. Boreham et al [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ] have demonstrated DNA-protectant effects, amelioration of both age-related and radiation-induced cognitive decline, longevity extension following exposure to radiation, and positive modulation of the endogenous nitrative and oxidative stress response, following ingestion of a dietary radioprotectant formula. Others [ 95 , 96 ] have similarly tested and successfully used dietary radioprotectants in cell and animal models, demonstrating a degree of universality in this approach to effectively address a range of ROS-mediated issues. Select examples are listed below:…”

Section: Countermeasuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most cells in the body can present antigen to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells via MHC class I; however, the term “antigen-presenting cell” is often used specifically to describe professional APCs. Such cells express MHC class I and MHC class II molecules and can stimulate CD4+ helper T cells as well as cytotoxic T cells [ 95 , 130 , 145 , 147 ]. APCs can also present foreign and self-lipids to T cells and NK cells by using the CD1 family of proteins, which are structurally similar to the MHC class I family [ 167 ].…”

Section: Appendix A1 Radiation-induced Antibody-dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (Radcc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Space Radiation Protection Countermeasures in Microgravity and Planetary Exploration

Montesinos¹,

Khalid

Cristea

et al. 2021

Life

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Space radiation is one of the principal environmental factors limiting the human tolerance for space travel, and therefore a primary risk in need of mitigation strategies to enable crewed exploration of the solar system. Methods: We summarize the current state of knowledge regarding potential means to reduce the biological effects of space radiation. New countermeasure strategies for exploration-class missions are proposed, based on recent advances in nutrition, pharmacologic, and immune science. Results: Radiation protection can be categorized into (1) exposure-limiting: shielding and mission duration; (2) countermeasures: radioprotectors, radiomodulators, radiomitigators, and immune-modulation, and; (3) treatment and supportive care for the effects of radiation. Vehicle and mission design can augment the overall exposure. Testing in terrestrial laboratories and earth-based exposure facilities, as well as on the International Space Station (ISS), has demonstrated that dietary and pharmacologic countermeasures can be safe and effective. Immune system modulators are less robustly tested but show promise. Therapies for radiation prodromal syndrome may include pharmacologic agents; and autologous marrow for acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Conclusions: Current radiation protection technology is not yet optimized, but nevertheless offers substantial protection to crews based on Lunar or Mars design reference missions. With additional research and human testing, the space radiation risk can be further mitigated to allow for long-duration exploration of the solar system.

show abstract

Section: Countermeasuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Countermeasuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix A1 Radiation-induced Antibody-dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (Radcc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Space Radiation Protection Countermeasures in Microgravity and Planetary Exploration

Montesinos¹,

Khalid

Cristea

et al. 2021

Life

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The main syndromes are hematopoietic (doses >2-3 Gy), gastrointestinal (doses 5-12 Gy) and cerebrovascular one (doses 10-20 Gy) [16]. Depending on exposed and absorbed doses and its duration, cells exposed to ionizing radiation or radiomimetics present DNA mutations, apoptosis, necrosis, chromosomal aberrations or increased mutation frequency [17,18]. The most profound injury is to lymphoid organs (lymphatic nodes, spleen and thyroid gland), bone marrow, testicles, ovaries, gastrointestinal mucosa.…”

Section: About Radiation Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption Detoxification as an Addition to Conventional Therapy of Acute Radiation Sickness and Iatrogenic Leukopenia

Шевчук¹,

Snezhkova²,

Bilous³

et al. 2020

Cells of the Immune System

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leukopenia is an essential part of the clinical course of acute radiation sickness and is a side effect of anti-cancer treatment. In both situations, the main factors which determine the survival are the degree of bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal tract damage due to the presence of a large pool of fast-dividing cells. Leuko-and neutropenia are main limiting factors which may contribute to chemotherapy failure. Hematopoietic cytokines the part of conventional therapy in this field, but their effects require boosting. That is why the use of means and methods of adsorption therapy is considered promising. Sorption therapy creates a basis for sorption detoxification, a doctrine of curative measures directed to the removal of toxic endogenous or exogenous compounds from body fluids. The most widely used types are the purification of blood or its components (hemosorption), oral administration of sorption materials (enterosorption) and application-sorption therapy of wounds and burns. In this chapter, the results of early and recent research and prospects for the use of carbon adsorption therapy for the treatment of acute radiation sickness and cytostatic myelosuppression are discussed.

show abstract

“…Acute radiation diseases are defined as collective toxic clinical states including systemic inflamatory response syndrome, toxic multiple organ injury, toxic multiple dysfunction syndrome, and toxic multiple organ failure . It is the fact that effects of high dose radiation are well determined, but less is known about effects of low dose exposure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of ER Stress and Autophagy Induced by Ionizing Radiation in Both Radiotherapy Patients and Ex Vivo Irradiated Samples

Saglar

Ünlü

Babalıoglu

et al. 2014

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acute radiation leads to several toxic clinical states and triggers some molecular pathways. To shed light on molecular mechanisms triggered by ionizing radiation (IR), we examined the expression profiles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy-related genes in individuals who were exposed to IR. Blood samples were collected from 50 cancer patients before radiotherapy and on the 5th, 15th, and 25th days of the treatment. Peripheral blood samples from 10 healthy volunteers were also obtained for ex vivo irradiation, divided into five and irradiated at a rate of 373 kGy/h to 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 3Gy γ-rays using a constant gamma source. GRP78, ATG5, LC3, ATF4, XBP1, and GADD153 genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) using beta 2 microglobulin (B2M) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as references. In both groups, expressions of the selected genes have increased. It can be concluded that IR induces ER stress and related authophagy pathway in the peripheral lymphocyte cells proportionally by dose.

show abstract

Radiation Toxins - Effects of Radiation Toxicity, Molecular Mechanisms of Action, Radiomimetic Properties and Possible Countermeasures for Radiation Injury

Cited by 4 publications

References 87 publications

Space Radiation Protection Countermeasures in Microgravity and Planetary Exploration

Space Radiation Protection Countermeasures in Microgravity and Planetary Exploration

Sorption Detoxification as an Addition to Conventional Therapy of Acute Radiation Sickness and Iatrogenic Leukopenia

Assessment of ER Stress and Autophagy Induced by Ionizing Radiation in Both Radiotherapy Patients and Ex Vivo Irradiated Samples

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About