“…Hydrogels have been widely applied in various fields such as medicines (Khalid, Ahmad, Minhas, & Barkat, 2017;Lam et al, 2016), engineering (Dai et al, 2017;Mohammadi, Sun, Berkland, & Liang, 2017), and agriculture (Bao et al, 2015;Elbarbary, El-Rehim, El-Sawy, Hegazy, & Soliman, 2017), due to their 3D network and unique properties. In agriculture, the hydrogels have been adopted to modify the soil environment and enhance the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizers, which contributes to the growth of crops and alleviates the damage to the environment from the leaching loss of fertilizers (Guilherme et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2017b).…”