Radiation‐induced copolymerization of maleimides and acenaphthylene in the solid state

Yamakita, Hiromi; Hayakawa, Kiyoshi

doi:10.1002/app.1969.070130903

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, Yamakita and Hayakawa [52) reported that the copolymer resulting from the solid-state polymerization of mixtures of maleimide and acenaphthylene behaved, with respect to flash pyrolysis, more like a mixture of homopolyrners than a random copolymer and Chapiro and Lesaulnier [49) showed by fractional precipita- tion and thermal degradation that a block copolymer was generated in the polymerization of the eutectic mixture of Nvinylcarbazol and acenaphthylene. These results demonstrate that reaction path (c) (Fig.…”

Section: ) the Role Ofcrystallite Boundariesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Initiation and Propagation Steps in the Solid State Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers

Chapiro

1972

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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Several problems raised by initiation and propagation steps in solid-state polymerizations are reviewed on the basis of data taken from the literature as well as from unpublished work. The nature of the initial active centers is briefly considered; their addition to double bonds within the crystal is discussed. Examination of initiation yields in radiation-induced polymerizations shows that the efficiency of chain initiation rises with temperature. In most vinyl monomers, the propagation process, which is severely hindered in the crystal, presumably starts at lattice imperfections and thereafter proceeds on behalf of the additional imperfections introduced by the accumulated polymer. In a few specific cases the orientation of the double bonds in the crystal or their localization in certain regions of the crystal favours chain propagation and may result in a stereocontrolled reaction. The role of crystallite boundaries is emphasized particularly in the case of copolymerizations which take place in eutectic mixtures of two monomers.The polymerization of numerous monomers in the crystalline state has led to a large number of investigations in the past decade and a vast amount of experimental data is now available most of which are summarized and discussed in several review articles [1,2,3] . However, the detailed mechanisms of the individual reaction steps are still scarcely understood. It is the purpose of the present paper to consider some problems raised by the reaction steps in solid-state polymerization with the aim of providing a picture of possible mechanisms. It is clear that a complete analysis of this broad field cannot be covered in this discussion, which will be confined to a few aspects of initiation and propagation in crystalline vinyl monomers.

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Section: ) the Role Ofcrystallite Boundariesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Initiation and Propagation Steps in the Solid State Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers

Chapiro

1972

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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“…Pyrolysis of the reacted silicates was carried out in a hot tubular reactor, and the degradation products were analyzed with a Hitachi Model K-53 FID gas chromatograph combined with a Perkin-Elmer Printing Integrator 194B. 8 Figure l l(a')-l(c'), in spite of the change in optimum experimental conditions. The extent of grafting was calculated to be 100 times the amount of unextractable polymer obtained from pyrolysis divided by the original weight of silicate, called G% for brevity.…”

Section: Determination Of Amount and Composition Of Unextractable Polmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graft polymerization of triethoxyvinylsilane–styrene and triethoxyvinylsilane–methyl methacrylate binary monomers onto various silicates

Hayakawa¹,

Kawase²,

Yamakita³

1977

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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SynopsisTriethoxyvinylsilane-styrene and triethoxyvinylsilane-methyl methacrylate binary monomers were polymerized by chemical initiation or by y-ray irradiation in the presence of silica gel, fire brick, quartz wool, and glass beads. The amount and composition of the polymers grafted to silicates were analyzed by using pyrolysis gas chromatography. When triethoxyvinylsilane alone was subjected to the reaction with silicates, condensation occurred irrespective of the initiating means, and the extent of the reaction was almost proportional to the specific surface area of the silicate. When binary monomer mixture was applied, incorporation of styrene or methyl methacrylate into the grafted polymer was observed whenever a monomer mixture of high styrene or methyl methacrylate content was submitted to the reaction. On each silicate, the relationship between the composition of polymer grafted on it and that of monomer showed a similar pattern in spite of the great difference of the specific surface area. Almost no participation of styrene or methyl methacrylate was observed when the silicate preirradiated in air or under vacuum was heated with the binary monomer mixture. It was concluded that triethoxyvinylsilane reacts with silicates by condensation and that some of the pendent vinyl groups on the silicates are incorporated into the copolymer with styrene or methyl methacrylate.

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“…Solid-state reactions of ACN have also been carried out extensively concerning the photodimerization reaction (lo), the radiation-induced polymerization (1 1-1 3), and free-radical and cationic polymerization. Further, polymerizations in binary systems of ACN-natural rubber, ACN-polyethylene, and ACN-maleimides have been studied under various reaction conditions (14). Recently, the electroinitiated polymerization of ACN has been investigated (1 5), 'also.…”

Section: Polymerization Of Acenaphthylene With Tetracyanoethylenementioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization of acenaphthylene with tetracyanoethylene

Yamada¹,

Noguchi²,

Iida³

1971

J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Lett.

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Radiation‐induced copolymerization of maleimides and acenaphthylene in the solid state

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Initiation and Propagation Steps in the Solid State Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers

Initiation and Propagation Steps in the Solid State Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers

Graft polymerization of triethoxyvinylsilane–styrene and triethoxyvinylsilane–methyl methacrylate binary monomers onto various silicates

Polymerization of acenaphthylene with tetracyanoethylene

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