Graft polymerization of triethoxyvinylsilane–styrene and triethoxyvinylsilane–methyl methacrylate binary monomers onto various silicates

Abstract

SynopsisTriethoxyvinylsilane-styrene and triethoxyvinylsilane-methyl methacrylate binary monomers were polymerized by chemical initiation or by y-ray irradiation in the presence of silica gel, fire brick, quartz wool, and glass beads. The amount and composition of the polymers grafted to silicates were analyzed by using pyrolysis gas chromatography. When triethoxyvinylsilane alone was subjected to the reaction with silicates, condensation occurred irrespective of the initiating means, and the extent of the reaction was almost proportional to the specific surface area of the silicate. When binary monomer mixture was applied, incorporation of styrene or methyl methacrylate into the grafted polymer was observed whenever a monomer mixture of high styrene or methyl methacrylate content was submitted to the reaction. On each silicate, the relationship between the composition of polymer grafted on it and that of monomer showed a similar pattern in spite of the great difference of the specific surface area. Almost no participation of styrene or methyl methacrylate was observed when the silicate preirradiated in air or under vacuum was heated with the binary monomer mixture. It was concluded that triethoxyvinylsilane reacts with silicates by condensation and that some of the pendent vinyl groups on the silicates are incorporated into the copolymer with styrene or methyl methacrylate.

Part II. Chromatography using ultra-stable metal oxide-based stationary phases for HPLC

“…Such polystyrene-coated silica gel can be further functionalized with triethylenetetramine [134] or diethyl iminodiacetate [135]. As opposed to Method C where there is no chemical bonding between the monomers and [20] the metal oxide surface, Method A applies styrene or its analog and another monomer, which can chemically react with the metal oxide; usually, a vinyl-substituted silane is used [79,[137][138][139]. The chemical bonding to the surface enhances the stability and uniformity of the coated polymer on the oxide surface.…”

“…The chemical bonding to the surface enhances the stability and uniformity of the coated polymer on the oxide surface. The copolymerization can be achieved by either chemical initiation or ␥-ray irradiation [137]. The common feature of Methods B and D is the use of a prepolymer.…”

Recent Progress in the Membrane Distillation and Impact of Track-Etched Membranes

“…BP-immobilized PET TeMs were then soaked in TEVS solution and UV irradiated. The degree of grafting was found to be very low as this monomer has a low tendency toward graft polymerization [ 181 ].…”

Radical Grafting Polymerization of Vinylformamide with Functionalized Silica Particles

“…Modification of inorganic substrates by graft polymerization reactions is a widespread method used for the synthesis of functional polymer‐inorganic hybrid materials with well defined properties 1–21. The covalent bonding of polymer chains to inorganic substrates changes the surface properties and, therefore, allows the control of interactions between the hybrid surface and solutes (e.g., by adsorption of proteins or other biomolecules).…”

“…‘Grafting onto’ methods use reactions of living polymer chains3 with suitable termination groups on the surface 7–9. The reaction of growing polymers chains with immobilized functional groups bearing vinyl double bonds which are available for copolymerization, is also a suitable method for the immobilization of polymers 2,4–6…”