Radiating Shock Measurements in the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Z</mml:mi></mml:math>-Pinch Dynamic Hohlraum

Rochau, Gregory A.; Bailey, James E.; Maron, Y.; Chandler, G. A.; Dunham, G. S.; Fisher, D.; Fisher, V.; Lemke, R.W.; Macfarlane, J. J.; Peterson, Kyle; Schroen, D. G.; Slutz, Stephen A.; Stambulchik, E.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.100.125004

Cited by 53 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…These experimental capabilities support ongoing research in inertial-confinement-fusion [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], magnetohydrodynamics [38], radiation-effects [39], radiation-physics [40,41], astrophysics [42], equation-of-state [43][44][45][46], pulsed-power-physics [47], and other high-energy-density-physics experiments [24,48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Three-dimensional electromagnetic model of the pulsed-powerZ-pinch accelerator

Rose

Welch

Madrid

et al. 2010

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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A three-dimensional, fully electromagnetic model of the principal pulsed-power components of the 26-MA ZR accelerator [D. H. McDaniel et al., in Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Dense Z-Pinches (AIP, New York, 2002), p. 23] has been developed. This large-scale simulation model tracks the evolution of electromagnetic waves through the accelerator's intermediate-storage capacitors, lasertriggered gas switches, pulse-forming lines, water switches, triplate transmission lines, and water convolute to the vacuum insulator stack. The insulator-stack electrodes are coupled to a transmissionline circuit model of the four-level magnetically insulated vacuum-transmission-line section and doublepost-hole convolute. The vacuum-section circuit model is terminated by a one-dimensional self-consistent dynamic model of an imploding z-pinch load. The simulation results are compared with electrical measurements made throughout the ZR accelerator, and are in good agreement with the data, especially for times until peak load power. This modeling effort demonstrates that 3D electromagnetic models of large-scale, multiple-module, pulsed-power accelerators are now computationally tractable. This, in turn, presents new opportunities for simulating the operation of existing pulsed-power systems used in a variety of high-energy-density-physics and radiographic applications, as well as even higher-power nextgeneration accelerators before they are constructed.1 Each simulation used 144 processors on the Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) Thunderbird computer system and required approximately 24 hours of total run time. This computer system was designed and built by SNL and Dell [65] and contains 8960 Intel [66] Xeon processors operating at 3.6 GHz and uses the Infiniband interconnect architecture [67].

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Three-dimensional electromagnetic model of the pulsed-powerZ-pinch accelerator

Rose

Welch

Madrid

et al. 2010

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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“…The refurbished Z pulsed-power accelerator [1,2] delivers approximately 4-MV, 26-MA, 100-600-ns electrical pulses to various loads for research efforts in inertial confinement fusion [3][4][5][6][7], pulsed-power physics [8], z-pinch physics [9,10], radiation effects [11], radiation physics [12,13], laboratory astrophysics [14], dynamic materials [15][16][17], and other high-energy-density physics applications [4,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Displacement current phenomena in the magnetically insulated transmission lines of the refurbishedZaccelerator

McBride

Jennings

Vesey

et al. 2010

Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams

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Experimental data is presented that illustrates important displacement current phenomena in the magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs) of the refurbished Z accelerator [D. V. Rose et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 13, 010402 (2010)]. Specifically, we show how displacement current in the MITLs causes significant differences between the accelerator current measured at the vacuuminsulator stack (at a radial position of about 1.6 m from the Z axis of symmetry) and the accelerator current measured at the load (at a radial position of about 6 cm from the Z axis of symmetry). The importance of accounting for these differences was first emphasized by Jennings et al. [C. A. Jennings et al., IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 38, 529 (2010)], who calculated them using a full transmission-lineequivalent model of the four-level MITL system. However, in the data presented by Jennings et al., many of the interesting displacement current phenomena were obscured by parasitic current losses that occurred between the vacuum-insulator stack and the load (e.g., electron flow across the anode-cathode gap). By contrast, the data presented herein contain very little parasitic current loss, and thus for these low-loss experiments we are able to demonstrate that the differences between the current measured at the stack and the current measured at the load are due primarily to the displacement current that results from the shunt capacitance of the MITLs (about 8.41 nF total). Demonstrating this is important because displacement current is an energy storage mechanism, where energy is stored in the MITL electric fields and can later be used by the system. Thus, even for higher-loss experiments, the differences between the current measured at the stack and the current measured at the load are often largely due to energy storage and subsequent release, as opposed to being due solely to some combination of measurement error and current loss in the MITLs and/or double post-hole convolute. Displacement current also explains why the current measured downstream of the MITLs (i.e., the load current) often exceeds the current measured upstream of the MITLs (i.e., the stack current) at various times in the power pulse (this particular phenomenon was initially thought to be due to timing and/or calibration errors). To facilitate a better understanding of these phenomena, we also introduce and analyze a simple LC circuit model of the MITLs. This model is easily implemented as a simple drive circuit in simulation codes, which has now been done for the LASNEX code [G. B. Zimmerman and W. L. Kruer, Comments Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 2, 51 (1975)] at Sandia, as well as for simpler MATLABÒ-based codes at Sandia. An example of this LC model used as a drive circuit will also be presented.

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“…Rochau et al 42 determined the conditions of the radiating shock in the ZPDH by observing self-emission of silicon that was doped into the central 3 mm height of the CH 2 foam ͓Fig. 9͑c͔͒.…”

Section: Hed Measurements: Radiating Shocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] The ZPDH delivers highpower x-ray pulses for a variety of HED physics applications including radiative transfer, 49 opacity measurements, 50 and ICF. 51 This system is composed of a 12 mm tall, 40/20 mm diameter outer/inner tungsten wire array, and a 6 mm diam- eter 14.5 mg/ cm 3 CH 2 foam converter ͓Fig.…”

Section: Hed Measurements: Radiating Shocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applied spectroscopy in pulsed power plasmas

2010

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Applied spectroscopy is a powerful diagnostic tool for high energy density plasmas produced with modern pulsed power facilities. These facilities create unique plasma environments with a broad range of electron densities ͑10 13 -10 23 cm −3 ͒ and temperatures ͑10 0 -10 3 eV͒ immersed in strong magnetic ͑Ͼ100 T͒ and electric ͑up to 1 GV/m͒ fields. This paper surveys the application of plasma spectroscopy to diagnose a variety of plasma conditions generated by pulsed power sources including: magnetic field penetration into plasma, measuring the time-dependent spatial distribution of 1 GV/m electric fields, opacity measurements approaching stellar interior conditions, characteristics of a radiating shock propagating at 330 km/s, and determination of plasma conditions in imploded capsule cores at 150 Mbar pressures. These applications provide insight into fundamental properties of nature in addition to their importance for addressing challenging pulsed power science problems.

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Radiating Shock Measurements in theZ-Pinch Dynamic Hohlraum

Cited by 53 publications

References 31 publications

Three-dimensional electromagnetic model of the pulsed-powerZ-pinch accelerator

Three-dimensional electromagnetic model of the pulsed-powerZ-pinch accelerator

Displacement current phenomena in the magnetically insulated transmission lines of the refurbishedZaccelerator

Applied spectroscopy in pulsed power plasmas

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