Radially polarized optical vortex converter created by femtosecond laser nanostructuring of glass

Beresna, Martynas; Gecevičius, Mindaugas; Kazansky, Peter G.; Gertus, Titas

doi:10.1063/1.3590716

Cited by 473 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These novel micro-/nano-structures have been employed to develop new micro-optics devices including radially polarized optical vortex converters, [8] near-infrared photoelectric detectors, [9][10] optical vortex generators, [11] etc. Moreover, self-assembled polarization-dependent nanogratings induced inside porous glass have recently been reported to be reduced to a single sub-50nm-wide nanochannel by the near-threshold-ablation technique, and this kind of single nanochannel has further been employed as building blocks of a 3D micro-nanofluidic device which has been used to demonstrate DNA analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-organized voids revisited: Experimental verification of the formation mechanism

Song¹,

Ye²,

Qian³

et al. 2014

Chinese Phys. B

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-organized voids revisited: Experimental verification of the formation mechanism

Song¹,

Ye²,

Qian³

et al. 2014

Chinese Phys. B

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“…The energy losses are attributed to microscopic inhomogeneities and induced defect absorption, which may be reduced by optimizing the fabrication process. 41 The conversion efficiency is also measured. It is dependent on the phase retardation of the metamaterial.…”

Section: Transmission and Conversion Efficiency Of The Metamaterials Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The laser beam is focused 200 mm below the surface of the glass sample. 41 Under intense laser irradiation, the uniform glass (SiO 2 ) decomposes into porous glass (SiO 2(12x) 1xO 2 ), whose refractive index depends upon the laser intensity. 42 Thus, a periodic change in the intensity can lead to a modulation of the refractive index, i.e., can generate grating-like nanostructures, and result in the formation of birefringence in the isotropic glass sample.…”

Section: Fabrication Of the Metamaterials Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Giant photonic spin Hall effect in momentum space in a structured metamaterial with spatially varying birefringence

et al. 2015

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The photonic spin Hall effect (SHE) in the reflection and refraction at an interface is very weak because of the weak spin-orbit interaction. Here, we report the observation of a giant photonic SHE in a dielectric-based metamaterial. The metamaterial is structured to create a coordinate-dependent, geometric Pancharatnam-Berry phase that results in an SHE with a spin-dependent splitting in momentum space. It is unlike the SHE that occurs in real space in the reflection and refraction at an interface, which results from the momentum-dependent gradient of the geometric Rytov-Vladimirskii-Berry phase. We theorize a unified description of the photonic SHE based on the two types of geometric phase gradient, and we experimentally measure the giant spin-dependent shift of the beam centroid produced by the metamaterial at a visible wavelength. Our results suggest that the structured metamaterial offers a potential method of manipulating spin-polarized photons and the orbital angular momentum of light and thus enables applications in spin-controlled nanophotonics. Keywords: geometric phase; metamaterial; photonic spin Hall effect INTRODUCTION Metamaterials or metasurfaces are artificial materials that are engineered to produce nearly any imaginable optical properties that are not found in nature. 1,2 They are typically structured at the subwavelength scale with ultrathin metallic or dielectric micro/nanoparticles or with holes opened in metallic films. Metamaterials exhibit unprecedented degrees of freedom in the polarization and phase manipulation of light via the geometric structuring of their structural units, especially on the wavelength scale, 3-9 which leads to applications such as vortex beam generators, 3,7 metalenses 10,11 and optical holography. 12,13 These materials also offer considerable potential for the manipulation of the angular moment of light and the photonic spin Hall effect (SHE), thereby providing convenient opportunities for spin-polarized photonics and nanophotonics. [14][15][16][17] The photonic SHE describes the mutual influence of the photon spin (polarization) and the trajectory (orbital angular momentum) of light-beam propagation, i.e., the spin-orbit interaction (SOI), which results in two types of geometric phases: the Rytov-VladimirskiiBerry (RVB) phase and the Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase. [18][19][20][21][22] The RVB phase is associated with the evolution of the propagation direction of light. When a light beam reflects/refracts at a planar interface between different media, a SOI occurs, and the corresponding momentum-dependent RVB phase leads to a spin-dependent real-

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“…Nevertheless, there is still not an effective method to generate all the states on HOPS and realize the state evolution. Most efforts including using subwavelength nanostructure [12][13][14] , orientation-tailored liquid crystal [15][16][17] , interferometry 18,19 , laser intracavity devices 20 , and fiber laser 21,22 have been made to obtain the radial and azimuthal polarized beams, however, the other states are seldom referred to.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, an elliptical polarization beam is produced by a polarizer (GLP1) and a quarter-wave plate (QWP1), and then passes through a inhomogeneous HWP. The inhomogeneous HWP now can be conveniently realized by an artificial inhomogeneous metasurface which is fabricated by etching space-variant grooves on a fused silica sample using a femtosecond laser 13 . This artificially creates an inhomogeneous form birefringence on the isotropic sample, and the local direction of the optical axes (slow and fast axes) are perpendicular and parallel to the grooves, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Realization of polarization evolution on higher-order Poincaré sphere with metasurface

Liu

Ling

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

128

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We present a simple and convenient method to yield cylindrical vector (CV) beams and realize its polarization evolution on higher-order Poincaré sphere based on inhomogeneous birefringent metasurface. By means of local polarization transformation of the metasurface, it is possible to convert a light beam with homogeneous elliptical polarization into a vector beam with any desired polarization distribution. The Stokes parameters of the output light are measured to verify our scheme, which show well agreement with the theoretical prediction. Our method may provide a convenient way to generate CV beams, which is expected to have potential applications in encoding information and quantum computation.Cylindrical vector (CV) beams are light beams of which the polarization states are arranged with cylindrical symmetry in the beam cross section 1 . A plenty of unique properties originated from their special intrinsic symmetry have distinguished the CV beams from general optical beams with homogeneous polarization. For example, the radially polarized light, a subset of the CV beams, can lead to a strong longitudinal field in the case of strong focusing 2,3 . Because of these particularities, CV beams are expected with a broad applications such as particle trapping 4 , high resolution imaging 2 , particle acceleration 5 , and microscopy 6 .Similar to the geometric representation of homogeneous polarizations on Poincaré sphere, a prominent geometric representation of the CV beams is provided by the so-called higher-order Poincaré sphere (HOPS) 7,8 . In this geometrical representation rule, higher-order Pancharatnam-Berry phase is demonstrated by cyclic transformation of the CV beams on the HOPS 9,10 . This phase is geometric in nature and differs significantly from a dynamic phase, which is proportional to light's total angular momentum. This state evolution will provide an advantage solution to create optical qubits, a single photon carrying several bits of information, which is expected to improve the flexibility of information encoding and simplify quantum computation 11 . Nevertheless, there is still not an effective method to generate all the states on HOPS and realize the state evolution. Most efforts including using subwavelength nanostructure 12-14 , orientation-tailored liquid crystal 15-17 , interferometry 18,19 , laser intracavity devices 20 , and fiber laser 21,22 have been made to obtain the radial and azimuthal polarized beams, however, the other states are seldom referred to.In this work, we demonstrate a simple and convenient method to generate the CV beams and realize the evolution of polarization states on the HOPS. It is well known that the cascaded polarizer, quarter-wave plate (QWP), and halfwave plate (HWP) can generate any elliptical polarization state at will 23 . Furthermore, by modulating the direction of the optical axis of the QWP/HWP, the polarization can evolve along the longitude/latitude on the surface of the fundamental Poincaré sphere. Analogously, while it comes to the CV beams whose pola...

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Radially polarized optical vortex converter created by femtosecond laser nanostructuring of glass

Cited by 473 publications

References 17 publications

Self-organized voids revisited: Experimental verification of the formation mechanism

Self-organized voids revisited: Experimental verification of the formation mechanism

Giant photonic spin Hall effect in momentum space in a structured metamaterial with spatially varying birefringence

Realization of polarization evolution on higher-order Poincaré sphere with metasurface

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