Radar cross section prediction and reduction for naval ships

Khan, Jawad; Duan, Wenyang; Sherbaz, Salma

doi:10.1007/s11804-012-1122-5

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The basic equation of radar is defined as:

P_{r} = \frac{P_{t} G_{t}}{4 π R^{2}} \times \frac{σ}{4 π R^{2}} \times A_{e}

where P r = returned power; P t = transmitter power; G t = transmitted antenna gain; R = range between target and radar; σ = RCS of the target; and A e = aperture of the receiver antenna …”

Section: Radar Signaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Stealth technology: Methods and composite materials—A review

et al. 2019

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Composites have revolutionized the field of aeronautics with its intriguing properties including high strength to weight ratio, low weight, chemical and weather resistance, flexible design and low cost of installation. Also, composites are used as radar absorbing materials (RAMs) in the manufacturing of stealth aircraft. Stealth technology (ST) uses a combination of RAMs and geometry to minimize the reflection of electromagnetic waves back to a radar system. In this review article, working principle and basic constituents of ST are examined along with RAMs types in the light of composites. Moreover, recently developed carbonaceous‐based polymer composites are critically discussed in terms of RAMs for stealth applications. A carbonaceous‐based composite provides a high flexibility for the design and properties control. Carbon black particles, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene are used in composites to tailor the wave's absorption properties of a composite. Multilayered structures are also recommended by researchers to extend the absorption band for better stealth application. Optimized absorption properties were achieved from composites containing carbon fiber as filler. Also, CNTs are preferred due to its smaller loading (0.35%) to get conductivity equal to higher concentration of carbon black (20%), which consequently improves the ST. Enhanced electromagnetic absorption properties can be achieved form the graphene‐based RAMs along with incorporating the magnetic particles of different microstructures, particle size, and electromagnetic characteristics. This review will intensively cover the methodology of ST and different composites including carbon‐based composites as RAMs for the use in stealth technology.

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“…The basic equation of radar is defined as:

P_{r} = \frac{P_{t} G_{t}}{4 π R^{2}} \times \frac{σ}{4 π R^{2}} \times A_{e}

where P r = returned power; P t = transmitter power; G t = transmitted antenna gain; R = range between target and radar; σ = RCS of the target; and A e = aperture of the receiver antenna …”

Section: Radar Signaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Stealth technology: Methods and composite materials—A review

et al. 2019

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show abstract

“…The back-to-back waves are weak and the receiver amplifies those waves, making it easier for the detector to distinguish waves from its path from other waves such as sound waves and light waves (Sevgi et al, 2013). The amount of energy that bounces from the target of the transmitted radar depends on four main factors (Khan et al, 2012):…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the Dimensions of the Body on the Radar Cross Section (RCS)

Mohammed¹

2019

J. Eng. Appl. Sci.

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Scattering is the reflection of electromagnetic radiation in various directions, as a result of gas and dust particles located in space. The form of electromagnetic scattering problem for the Body of Revolution (BOR) that are generated by the rotation of an axis called the axis of symmetry because of the symmetry advantages, surface currents can be represented by a fourier series to express the basic function of the current and the test function. Scattering problem can be solved by the equations of the Electric Field Integral Equation (EFIE) and Magnetic Field Integral Equation (MFIE), Galerkin approach was chosen as a method of calculation in this field. The principle of this method depends on the choice of the weighting function that is equal to the complex conjugate of the basis function. The basis function is selected accurately to obtain good results for the scattering problem which is difficult to solve theoretically due to the special boundary conditions for this problem, This method requires a large number of basis functions and testing functions to suit the exact solution. in addition to the Method of Moments (MOM) which is a numerical method for solving electrical and magnetic integrals equations which can calculate the Radar Cross Section (RCS) for the conducting bodies.

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“…Un buque es un objeto complejo y presenta diferentes mecanismos de dispersión, que proporcionan una comprensión básica del proceso físico subyacente de la dispersión y que resumiremos a continuación (Bausssard, Rochdi, & Khenchaf, 2011;Knott et al, 2004) (ver Figura 3-24). Algunos mecanismos son dominantes en comparación con otros y también dependientes del ángulo de aspecto del objetivo (Khan, Duan, & Sherbaz, 2012).…”

Section: Ecuación Intuitiva De La Superficie Equivalente Radarunclassified

“…La utilización de los métodos de alta frecuencia se basa en la descomposición del blanco en una serie de centros de eco, de los que se conoce una solución analítica o bien una solución numérica, los campos reflejados hacia el radar se calculan para cada centro de eco por separado y se obtiene el campo total como la suma de los campos reflejados. Las técnicas que utilizan estas aplicaciones son habitualmente: óptica geométrica y óptica física (Khan et al, 2012;J. Rius, 1991).…”

Section: Ecuación Intuitiva De La Superficie Equivalente Radarunclassified

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Aplicación de la inteligencia artificial a la defensa de un buque contra misiles de guía de radiofrecuencia mediante señuelos

Gil¹

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Radar cross section prediction and reduction for naval ships

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Stealth technology: Methods and composite materials—A review

Stealth technology: Methods and composite materials—A review

The Effect of the Dimensions of the Body on the Radar Cross Section (RCS)

Aplicación de la inteligencia artificial a la defensa de un buque contra misiles de guía de radiofrecuencia mediante señuelos

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