Radar: A Short History

Bigler, Stuart G.

doi:10.1080/00431672.1981.9931967

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The headquarters were established in Kansas City, Missouri, and in 1962, a research weather monitoring radar (WSR-57) was installed in Norman, Oklahoma. Notably, the WSR-57 served as the flagship radar for the meteorological bureau for a long time until the last WSR-57 was retired in December 1996 in South Carolina after the deployment of Next-Generation Radar (NEXRAD) in the 1990s [ 5 ]. In 1963, the entire NSSP was moved to Norman, where it was reorganized and transformed into the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bibliometric Analysis of Weather Radar Research from 1945 to 2024: Formations, Developments, and Trends

Liu

2024

Sensors

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In the development of meteorological detection technology and services, weather radar undoubtedly plays a pivotal role, especially in the monitoring and early warning of severe convective weather events, where it serves an irreplaceable function. This research delves into the landscape of weather radar research from 1945 to 2024, employing scientometric methods to investigate 13,981 publications from the Web of Science (WoS) core collection database. This study aims to unravel, for the first time, the foundational structures shaping the knowledge domain of weather radar over an 80-year period, exploring general features, collaboration, co-citation, and keyword co-occurrence. Key findings reveal a significant surge in both publications and citations post-1990, peaking in 2022 with 1083 publications and 13832 citations, signaling sustained growth and interest in the field after a period of stagnation. The United States, China, and European countries emerge as key drivers of weather radar research, with robust international collaboration playing a pivotal role in the field’s rapid evolution. Analysis uncovers 30 distinct co-citation clusters, showcasing the progression of weather radar knowledge structures. Notably, deep learning emerges as a dynamic cluster, garnering attention and yielding substantial outcomes in contemporary research efforts. Over eight decades, the focus of weather radar investigations has transitioned from hardware and software enhancements to Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology integration and multifunctional applications across diverse scenarios. This study identifies four key areas for future research: leveraging AI technology, advancing all-weather observation techniques, enhancing system refinement, and fostering networked collaborative observation technologies. This research endeavors to support academics by offering an in-depth comprehension of the progression of weather radar research. The findings can be a valuable resource for scholars in efficiently locating pertinent publications and journals. Furthermore, policymakers can rely on the insights gleaned from this study as a well-organized reference point.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bibliometric Analysis of Weather Radar Research from 1945 to 2024: Formations, Developments, and Trends

Liu

2024

Sensors

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“…The early spotter networks were primarily used to warn military bases of approaching tornadoes during and after World War II, but they were expanded for civilian protection in the 1950s, especially in Texas (Doswell et al 1999). Radar was being converted from military to meteorological use in the late 1940s and the 1950s (e.g., Whiton et al 1998;Bigler 1981), and it was shown in the early 1950s to be a tool for detecting tornadoes. A "hook echo" was photographed on the radar display at the Illinois State Water Survey on 9 April 1953 and was associated with a tornado (Whiton et al 1998;Stout and Huff 1953).…”

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The History (and Future) of Tornado Warning Dissemination in the United States

Coleman

Knupp

Spann³

et al. 2011

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

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Since the successful tornado forecast at Tinker AFB in 1948 paved the way for the issuance of tornado warnings, the science of tornado detection and forecasting has advanced greatly. However, tornado warnings must be disseminated to the public to be of any use. The Texas tornado warning conferences in 1953 began to develop the framework for a modern tornado warning system and included radar detection of tornadoes, a spotter network, and improved communications between the U.S. Weather Bureau, spotters, and public officials, allowing more timely warnings and dissemination of those warnings to the public. Commercial radio and television are a main source of warnings for many, and the delivery methods on TV have changed much since 1960. NOAA Weather Radio (NWR) was launched after the 1974 Super Outbreak of tornadoes, with the most important feature being the tone alert that allowed receivers to alert people even when the radio broadcast was turned off. Today, NWR reaches most of the U.S. population, and Specific Area Message Encoding technology has improved its warning precision. Outdoor warning sirens, originally designed for use in enemy attack, were made available for use during tornado warnings around 1970. “Storm based” warnings, adopted by the National Weather Service in 2007, replaced countybased warnings and greatly reduce the warning area. As communications advances continue, tornado warnings will eventually be delivered to precise locations, using GPS and other location technology, through cellular telephones, outdoor sirens, e-mails, and digital television, in addition to NWR.

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A History of Hurricane Forecasting for the Atlantic Basin, 1920–1995

DeMaria¹

1996

Historical Essays on Meteorology 1919–1995

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Radar: A Short History

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Bibliometric Analysis of Weather Radar Research from 1945 to 2024: Formations, Developments, and Trends

Bibliometric Analysis of Weather Radar Research from 1945 to 2024: Formations, Developments, and Trends

The History (and Future) of Tornado Warning Dissemination in the United States

A History of Hurricane Forecasting for the Atlantic Basin, 1920–1995

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