Racism and mental health in higher education: A challenge for <scp>LMIC</scp>s

Santos, Vagner dos; Spesny, Sara León; Kleintjes, Sharon; Galvaan, Roshan

doi:10.1002/mpr.1799

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Other evidence suggests that structural racism can adversely affect mental health due to differential access to resources and services, and poor living conditions 5 11 62–64. Furthermore, experiences of discrimination can induce physiological and psychological reactions that can lead to adverse changes in mental health status 62 63. However, in this study, adjustment for PHC usage in hospitalisation and mortality outcomes did not change the estimates by racial/colour groups, suggesting that PHC usage was not a key determinant of racial/colour inequalities in mental health hospitalisations or mortality.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

“…Similarly, the National Audit Office in England found that white patients found it easier to get an appointment within general practice compared with other ethnic groups across all health conditions 60 61. Other evidence suggests that structural racism can adversely affect mental health due to differential access to resources and services, and poor living conditions 5 11 62–64. Furthermore, experiences of discrimination can induce physiological and psychological reactions that can lead to adverse changes in mental health status 62 63.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Racial inequalities in mental healthcare use and mortality: a cross-sectional analysis of 1.2 million low-income individuals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2010–2016

Medeiros,

Coelho,

Millett

et al. 2023

BMJ Glob Health

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IntroductionMental health inequalities across racial and ethnic groups are large and unjust in many countries, yet these inequalities remain under-researched, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries such as Brazil. This study investigates racial and socioeconomic inequalities in primary healthcare usage, hospitalisation and mortality for mental health disorders in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.MethodsA cohort of 1.2 million low-income adults from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil with linked socioeconomic, demographic, healthcare use and mortality records was cross-sectionally analysed. Poisson regression models were used to investigate associations between self-defined race/colour and primary healthcare (PHC) usage, hospitalisation and mortality due to mental disorders, adjusting for socioeconomic factors. Interactions between race/colour and socioeconomic characteristics (sex, education level, income) explored if black and pardo (mixed race) individuals faced compounded risk of adverse mental health outcomes.ResultsThere were 272 532 PHC consultations, 10 970 hospitalisations and 259 deaths due to mental disorders between 2010 and 2016. After adjusting for a wide range of socioeconomic factors, the lowest PHC usage rates were observed in black (adjusted rate ratio (ARR): 0.64; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.68; compared with white) and pardo individuals (ARR: 0.87; 95% CI 0.83 to 0.92). Black individuals were more likely to die from mental disorders (ARR: 1.68; 95% CI 1.19 to 2.37; compared with white), as were those with lower educational attainment and household income. In interaction models, being black or pardo conferred additional disadvantage across mental health outcomes. The highest educated black (ARR: 0.56; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.66) and pardo (ARR: 0.75; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.87) individuals had lower rates of PHC usage for mental disorders compared with the least educated white individuals. Black individuals were 3.7 times (ARR: 3.67; 95% CI 1.29 to 10.42) more likely to die from mental disorders compared with white individuals with the same education level.ConclusionIn low-income individuals in Rio de Janeiro, racial/colour inequalities in mental health outcomes were large and not fully explainable by socioeconomic status. Black and pardo Brazilians were consistently negatively affected, with lower PHC usage and worse mental health outcomes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial inequalities in mental healthcare use and mortality: a cross-sectional analysis of 1.2 million low-income individuals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2010–2016

Medeiros,

Coelho,

Millett

et al. 2023

BMJ Glob Health

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“…Occupational scientist Whiteford (2017) notes that participation in higher education is itself a powerful form of social inclusion, enabling "a transformation of identity and socio-economic status through the transitional occupation of student" (p. 54), this is especially relevant in developing countries where racism and inequalities limit opportunities and experiences in higher education (Santos et al, 2019a). The invitation for the FCE students to present their findings in the form of "literatura de cordel" added a crucial third transformational dimension to the occupational reconstruction curriculum, that of practice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candangos: teoria da reconstrução ocupacional como uma ferramenta para a compreensão de problemas sociais e ações transformativas na utópica cidade de Brasília

Santos

Frank²,

Mizue

2020

Cad. Bras. Ter. Ocup.

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Teaching an occupational therapy agenda of social transformation in Brazilian universities is an ongoing project. In this article we (1) Introduce the theory of occupational reconstructions; (2) Contextualize the candangos'-those who built the country's new utopian Brazilian capital, Brasília-situation based on published literature; (3) Describe reforms to expand social inclusion at University of Brasília, Brazil; and (4) Discuss how occupational reconstruction served as a frame for teaching, research and practice. Occupational reconstruction theory explains social transformation as part of the philosophy and knowledge base of 'occupation'. The theory was useful to guide the students' experiences and reach learning outcomes. During the course, students began by recounting their histories while also contacting their elders to find out how the candangos dealt with problematic social conditions in Brasília's early days. They were challenged to present a case of the occupational reconstruction as an example of literatura de cordel-a low-budget printed booklet; thus, moving the candangos' stories into the public sphere. The paper concludes with a critical reflection on the advantages, limitations, and possible future applications of the curriculum.

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“…These findings are in line with literature on the experiences of students of colour at the university. Most prevalently, these students report high levels of mistreatment, belittlement, and isolation, as well as low sense of belonging (Brunsma et al, 2017; Dos Santos et al, 2019). Recent research also points that the perception of insecurity and violence in educational spaces has been increasing, especially by black people (Shelley et al, 2017), which is coherent with our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development and initial validation of an instrument measuring levels of violence suffered and practiced by students in higher education

Guilherme

2022

Policy Futures in Education

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In this paper, we discuss the development and initial validation of an instrument, namely IV-SOPRA (Index of Violence Suffered and Practiced), measuring levels of violence suffered and practiced by students in Higher Education institutions; thus, seeking to advance research into the issue of violence connected to Higher Education. Participants are undergraduate students ( n = 1188), who responded to an online questionnaire from a university in the south of Brazil. This was a convenience sample. The population was from all undergraduate courses offered at the partner university (i.e. Arts and Humanities; Social Sciences; Sciences; Medicine). Data analysis was conducted using R environment (R Core Team, 2020), and lavaan package (Rosseel, 2011). Confirmatory factor analysis was carried to investigate model fit to the data according to theorised structure of the IV-SOPRA subscales. Each subscale demonstrates good to excellent fit to the data, according to fit measures and reliability indices. The instrument provides Higher Education institutions with a tool for evaluating and diagnosing levels of prejudice and bullying on campus, so that effective measures can be put in place to deal with problems at hand.

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Racism and mental health in higher education: A challenge for LMICs

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Racial inequalities in mental healthcare use and mortality: a cross-sectional analysis of 1.2 million low-income individuals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2010–2016

Racial inequalities in mental healthcare use and mortality: a cross-sectional analysis of 1.2 million low-income individuals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2010–2016

Candangos: teoria da reconstrução ocupacional como uma ferramenta para a compreensão de problemas sociais e ações transformativas na utópica cidade de Brasília

The development and initial validation of an instrument measuring levels of violence suffered and practiced by students in higher education

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