Racial Stratification, Immigration, and Health Inequality: A Life Course-Intersectional Approach

Brown, Tyson H.

doi:10.1093/sf/soy013

Cited by 106 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Race/ethnicity, nativity, and country of origin differences in morbidity life expectancies among older adults are crucial as they highlight the effects of inequalities in social status, economic opportunity, and process of achieving U.S. citizenship, which are shaped by intersections of various aspects of identity and migratory experiences ( Brown et al, 2013 , 2018 ). The rationale underlying the current analysis is that variation in sociocultural characteristics within the Hispanic population by nativity, and country of origin is often overlooked in health research and public health discourse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differing socioeconomic, migratory, cultural, and behavioral experiences have lasting effects that accumulate across the life course, which may contribute to health disparities and poor quality of life among aging Hispanics ( Brown, 2018 ; Ferraro, Kemp, & Williams, 2017 ). Particularly, differences in nativity and country of origin among older immigrants have been found to be an important factor that affects morbidity and mortality outcomes of Hispanics ( Fenelon et al, 2017 ; Garcia, Garcia, & Ailshire, 2018 ; Zsembik & Fennell, 2005 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simultaneously considering race/ethnicity, nativity, and sociocultural influences, according to these authors, would result in a more theoretically informed, reliable, and valid understanding of health and a more targeted and culturally relevant approach to public health policy ( Brown et al, 2013 ). By considering this form of intersectionality, an individual’s lived experience would be more accurately described ( Brown, 2018 ; Moodley, 2000 ; Nadeem et al, 2007 ). Substantial differences in migratory experiences, poverty, education, health coverage, and health behaviors may contribute to racial/ethnic, nativity, and country of origin differentials in morbidity life expectancies among older Hispanic adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Analysis of Morbidity Life Expectancies Among Older Hispanic Subgroups in the United States: Variation by Nativity and Country of Origin

García

Chiu

et al. 2018

Innovation in Aging

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Background and ObjectivesAlthough a clear advantage in mortality has been documented among older Hispanic subgroups, particularly the foreign-born, research examining health selectivity in morbidity life expectancies among older Hispanics are scarce. Differences in sociocultural characteristics among Hispanic subgroups may influence racial/ethnic and nativity disparities in morbidity. Research examining the heterogeneity among older Hispanic subgroups may further our understanding of why some Hispanics are able to preserve good health in old age, while others experience a health disadvantage. Thus, the primary goal of this analysis is to examine racial/ethnic, nativity, and country of origin differences in morbidity life expectancies among older adults in the United States.Research Design and MethodsWe used individual-level data (1999–2015) from the National Health Interview Survey to estimate Sullivan-based life tables of life expectancies with morbidity and without morbidity by gender for U.S.-born Mexicans, foreign-born Mexicans, U.S.-born Puerto Ricans, island-born Puerto Ricans, foreign-born Cubans, and whites in mid-life (age 50), and late-life (age 65).ResultsHispanics are heterogeneous in morbidity life expectancies. Among females, U.S.-born Mexicans, foreign-born Mexicans, and island-born Puerto Ricans spent more late-life years with morbidity than whites. For men, U.S.-born Puerto Ricans were the only Hispanic subgroup disadvantaged in the number of years lived with morbidity. Conversely, foreign-born Cubans exhibited the healthiest outcomes of all groups, regardless of gender.Discussion and ImplicationsReducing the risk for late-life morbidity must be informed by a comprehensive understanding of a wide range of factors that shape health among older adults. Research should avoid pan-ethnic groupings that overlook important differences in chronic disease risk profiles among Hispanic subgroups. Recognizing the various sociocultural and environmental processes that underlie Hispanic subpopulations is important for development and implementation of social and public health policies aimed at ameliorating negative health outcomes of late-life morbidity among minority and immigrant groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Comprehensive Analysis of Morbidity Life Expectancies Among Older Hispanic Subgroups in the United States: Variation by Nativity and Country of Origin

García

Chiu

et al. 2018

Innovation in Aging

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“…However, researchers increasingly note the importance of understanding how "upstream" social conditions shape such acculturation patterns and processes. For instance, health effects of duration of residence vary by race and experiences racism in both sending and receiving contexts (Brown, 2018;. Changes in behavioral patterns also often occur in conjunction with material hardship and processes of cumulative disadvantage (Allen et al, 2014;Riosmena, Everett, Rogers, & Dennis, 2015), suggesting either segmented trajectories or multicausal mechanisms that extend beyond cultural change.…”

Section: Explaining Immigrant Health Trajectoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immigrant Health Trajectories in Historical Context: Insights From European Immigrant Childhood Mortality in 1910

Bakhtiari¹

2018

Preprint

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Recent studies of immigrant health have focused on an apparent paradox in which some new immigrants arrive healthier than expected but exhibit poorer health outcomes with duration of residence. Although a variety of explanations have been put forth for this epidemiological pattern, questions remain about the socio-historical generalizability of the empirical findings and accompanying theoretical explanations. By examining childhood mortality patterns of European immigrants to the United States in the early 20th century, this study tests hypotheses from current immigrant health literature in a previous era of immigration. In contrast with post-1965 immigrant groups, European arrivals did not have better outcomes than their U.S.-born white counterparts. Rather, their rates corresponded to a "middle tier" status in between U.S.-born black and white populations. Analysis of post-migration trajectories returned mixed results that similarly differ from contemporary patterns. Many new immigrant groups had higher rates of excess childhood mortality than their U.S-born counterparts, but outcomes generally improved with duration of residence or among the second generation. These findings highlight the influence of socio-historical variation in the context of reception on patterns of immigrant health and mortality outcomes.

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“…However, older immigrants are heterogeneous in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, motivations to migrate, and immigrant experiences. Life course perspectives emphasize the importance of biological and historical timing in the migration process for understanding how sociocultural factors combine in unique ways to shape health outcomes in later life (Brown, 2018;Elder Jr, Johnson, & Crosnoe, 2003;Treas & Gubernskaya, 2016). Mounting evidence points to timing of migration and gender as two key life course dimensions that differentiate the immigrant experience in the United States (Donato, 2010;Gubernskaya, Bean, & Van Hook, 2013;Markides, Eschbach, Ray, & Peek, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Expectancies With Depression by Age of Migration and Gender Among Older Mexican Americans

García

Chiu

et al. 2018

The Gerontologist

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Our results highlight the heterogeneity among older Mexican Americans in life expectancies with depression. These findings illustrate the importance of considering age of migration as a high-risk factor for depression among Mexican-origin immigrants. Including this risk factor as a part of depression screening is a key step for timely interventions in preventing disability and comorbidities associated with untreated depression.

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Racial Stratification, Immigration, and Health Inequality: A Life Course-Intersectional Approach

Cited by 106 publications

References 63 publications

A Comprehensive Analysis of Morbidity Life Expectancies Among Older Hispanic Subgroups in the United States: Variation by Nativity and Country of Origin

A Comprehensive Analysis of Morbidity Life Expectancies Among Older Hispanic Subgroups in the United States: Variation by Nativity and Country of Origin

Immigrant Health Trajectories in Historical Context: Insights From European Immigrant Childhood Mortality in 1910

Life Expectancies With Depression by Age of Migration and Gender Among Older Mexican Americans

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