Racial/Ethnic and Regional Differences in the Prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States

Wang, Yize R.; Loftus, Edward V.; Cangemi, John R.; Picco, M.F.

doi:10.1159/000350759

Cited by 43 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Although both UC and CD were historically much more common among Israeli Ashkenazi Jews than other population groups, the gap within Israel appears to be decreasing . In the present cohort, adolescents with at least one parent born in a developing country had a higher risk of IBD, as reported also in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom . However, no such difference was found on analysis by the subjects’ country of birth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

Trends in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease among Jewish Israeli adolescents: a population‐based study

Ghersin

Khteeb

Katz

et al. 2019

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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Background: The incidence and prevalence trends of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) vary between developed and developing countries. Aim: To investigate the prevalence and associated sociodemographic factors of IBD in Israeli Jewish adolescents Methods: The files of the army medical corps were reviewed for adolescents recruited in 2002-2016 with confirmed IBD. Covariate data included birth date, patient and parental country of birth, number of children in the household, age at diagnosis, and socioeconomic status. Findings were compared with the remaining recruits without IBD. Results: Of the 1,144,213 adolescents recruited, 2372 (0.2%) had IBD (Crohn's disease, 68%). Median age of the cohort was 17.1 years (interquartile range, 16.9-17.3). Over the study period, the annual point prevalence per 100,000 examinees significantly increased: total IBD, 58 to 373; Crohn's disease, 42 to 425; ulcerative colitis, 16 to 128. Mean age at IBD diagnosis decreased from 15.0 ± 2.8 years in 2002-2008 to 14.3 ± 3.1 years in 2009-2016 (P < 0.0001). Significance was maintained on separate analyses of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Both diseaseswere significantly less prevalent in subjects from families with at least one parent born in a developing country and ≥3 children. There was a significant association of lower socioeconomic status with lower prevalence of Crohn's disease (odds ratio 0.41, 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.54) and ulcerative colitis (odds ratio 0.25, 95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.42). Conclusions: The point prevalence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in IsraeliJewish adolescents increased six-fold and eight-fold, respectively, over 15 years along with a decrease in age at diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 42%

Trends in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease among Jewish Israeli adolescents: a population‐based study

Ghersin

Khteeb

Katz

et al. 2019

Aliment Pharmacol Ther

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“…IBD prevalence is lower in AAs than Caucasian Americans (CAs) possibly as a result of both genetic and environmental differences 9-11 . IBD sibling risk in AA IBD patients is relatively high (2.5%), suggesting underlying genetic risk factors are in-part responsible for IBD in AAs, albeit lower than that observed for Caucasians (4.6%) 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Genetic Loci That Affect Susceptibility to Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in African Americans

et al. 2015

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Background & Aims Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has familial aggregation in African Americans (AAs), but little is known about the molecular genetic susceptibility. Mapping studies using the Immunochip genotyping array expand the number of susceptibility loci for IBD in Caucasians to 163, but the contribution of the 163 loci and European admixture to IBD risk in AAs is unclear. We performed a genetic mapping study using the Immunochip to determine whether IBD susceptibility loci in Caucasians also affect risk in AAs and identify new associated loci. Methods We recruited AAs with IBD and without IBD (controls) from 34 IBD centers in the US; additional controls were collected from 4 other immunochip studies. Association and admixture loci were mapped for 1088 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 361 with ulcerative colitis (UC), 62 with IBD type-unknown (IBDU), and 1797 controls; 130,241 autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed. Results The strongest associations were observed between UC and HLA rs9271366 (P=7.5e–6), CD and 5p13.1 rs4286721 (P=3.0e–6), and IBD and KAT2A rs730086 (P=2.3e–6). Additional suggestive associations (P<4.2e-5) were observed between CD and IBD and African-specific SNPs in STAT5A and STAT3; between IBD and SNPs in IL23R, IL12B, and C2 open reading frame 43; and between UC and SNPs near HDAC11 and near LINC00994. The latter 3 loci have not been previously associated with IBD, but require replication. Established Caucasian associations were replicated in AAs (P<3.1e-4) at NOD2, IL23R, 5p15.3, and IKZF3. Significant admixture (P<3.9e–4) was observed for 17q12-17q21.31 (IZKF3 through STAT3), 10q11.23-10q21.2, 15q22.2–15q23, and 16p12.2–16p12.1. Network analyses showed significant enrichment (false discovery rate <1e–5) in genes that encode members of the JAK–STAT, cytokine, and chemokine signaling pathways, as well those involved in pathogenesis of measles. Conclusions In a genetic analysis of 3308 AA IBD cases and controls, we found that many variants associated with IBD in Caucasians also showed association evidence with these diseases in AAs; we found evidence for loci and variants not previously associated with IBD. The complex genetic factors that determine risk for or protection from IBD in different populations require further study.

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“…The prevalence of Crohn's disease appears to be slightly higher than ulcerative colitis. An equal sex distribution is seen between the two processes (2). Extraintestinal involvement with inflammatory bowel disease has been reported in over 50% of patients.…”

Section: Chapter 1: Introduction and Statement Of Problemmentioning

confidence: 95%

The prevalence of oral lesions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Kiyani

Allen

McNamara

et al. 2014

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

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Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of idiopathic conditions characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis being two common forms of this process. Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease can be seen repeatedly in over 50% of patients, and can involve the skin, oral cavity, eyes, joints and the biliary tract. Oral lesions specific to Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis often have very characteristic appearances. Some non-specific processes such as aphthous ulceration and candidiasis have also been linked to this condition. Despite detailed documentation of the presence and the nature of oral lesions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, limited data is available regarding the prevalence. The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of oral changes associated with inflammatory bowel disease in the U.S population in comparison to age-and sex-matched healthy controls. Methodology: One hundred patients with a prior diagnosis of either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis underwent periodic comprehensive oral examinations at the Wexner Medical Center gastroenterology clinic. Any abnormal oral mucosal changes noted during the exam were documented. A control population underwent a similar exam and documentation in the new patient screening clinic of The Ohio State University, College of Dentistry. iii Results: Out of 100 patients in the inflammatory bowel disease group, three were unavailable for follow-up. No lesions specific to either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis were noted in the remaining ninety-seven patients over the 12-month period. Two patients presented with candidiasis, 2 with aphthous ulcers and 2 with herpetic lesions. One patient in the control group also presented with aphthous ulcers. Conclusion: Based on these findings, the prevalence of oral lesions in this patient population with inflammatory bowel disease can be estimated to be less than 1%.

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Racial/Ethnic and Regional Differences in the Prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States

Cited by 43 publications

References 33 publications

Trends in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease among Jewish Israeli adolescents: a population‐based study

Trends in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease among Jewish Israeli adolescents: a population‐based study

Characterization of Genetic Loci That Affect Susceptibility to Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in African Americans

The prevalence of oral lesions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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