Racial Erasure: The Silence of Social Work on Police Racial Profiling in Canada

Giwa, Sulaimon; Mullings, Delores V.; Adjei, Paul Banahene; Karki, Karun K.

doi:10.1007/s41134-020-00136-y

Cited by 47 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…At a social and educational level, programs should be developed to reduce racial discrimination and to move toward a just, egalitarian, and antiracist society. These programs must also address issues related to systemic racism, as people from Black communities often experience racial discrimination in institutions such as health and social services, the police, the judicial system, the workplace, and academic institutions including universities (Codjoe, 2001; Giwa et al, 2020; Hasford, 2016; Wortley & Tanner, 2005). Finally, continued investment should be made in mental health programs for people from Black communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, people from Black communities in Canada are relatively young with a median age of 29.6 years, compared to 40.7 years in the total population, increasing their exposure to experiences of daily racial discrimination in academic institutions, at work, and elsewhere (Codjoe, 2001; Hasford, 2016; Statistics‐Canada, 2019). Studies have shown that Black Canadians face various forms of racial discrimination including racial profiling by police (Giwa et al, 2020; Wortley & Tanner, 2005), lower earnings compared to White Canadians with the same level of education (Milan & Tran, 2004), and other forms of interpersonal, institutional and cultural discrimination (Joseph & Kuo, 2009). However, a study conducted among African Americans has shown that social support reduces the harmful effects of racial discrimination and facilitates the psychological adjustment of victims (Prelow et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and correlates of depression among Black individuals in Canada: The major role of everyday racial discrimination

Cénat

Kogan

Noorishad

et al. 2021

Depression and Anxiety

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Background Depression is a common mental health problem causing significant disability globally, including in Canada. Prevalence estimates for depression within Black communities in Canada are unknown. This study determined the prevalence of depression in a sample of Black Canadians and the association between everyday racial discrimination experiences and depression. Methods We analyzed data collected from the Black Community Mental Health project in Canada. Participants provided sociodemographic information and completed measures assessing depressive symptomology, everyday racial discrimination, and social support. The prevalence of depressive symptomatology was computed across sociodemographic variables and categories of everyday racial discrimination. Different regression models were conducted to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and everyday racism controlling for sociodemographic factors. Results In total, 65.87% of participants reported severe depressive symptoms, with higher rates among women, those who are employed, and those born in Canada. The linear regression models showed that everyday racial discrimination is the best predictor of depressive symptoms, with a final model explaining 25% of the variance. A logistic regression model demonstrated that those experiencing a high level of racial discrimination are 36.4 more likely to present severe depressive symptoms when compared to those reporting a low level of discrimination. Conclusions Rates of depressive symptoms among Black individuals are nearly six times the 12‐month prevalence reported for the general population in Canada. Racial discrimination, which significantly predicts greater depressive symptomatology, is consistent with earlier studies in the United States and suggests that Canadian colorblind policies may inadvertently reinforce racial discrimination with detrimental effects on mental health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and correlates of depression among Black individuals in Canada: The major role of everyday racial discrimination

Cénat

Kogan

Noorishad

et al. 2021

Depression and Anxiety

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Unfortunately, in many cases where survivors disclose their story to authorities, they face discrimination and feel targeted and stigmatized by justice actors. Moreover, it has been observed that criminalization has the potential to lead to further targeting and overpolicing racialized communities (e.g., racial profiling, carding; see Giwa et al, 2020;Tanovich, 2006).…”

Section: Criminalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Barbaric” Cultural Practices: Culturalizing Violence and the Failure to Protect Women in Canada

Mattoo¹,

Merrigan

2021

IJCYFS

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The introduction of Bill S-7, the Zero Tolerance for Barbaric Cultural Practices Act, in 2015 garnered major critical attention across Canada. Amid an already tense climate of anti-immigrant sentiment in the post-9/11 era, the title chosen for the bill by the Conservative-led government catalyzed xenophobia, perpetuated the “us versus them” rhetoric, and culturalized violence. While originally touted as an opportunity to enhance protection for girls and women against the “foreign” horrors of polygamy, early and forced marriage, and “honour”-based killings, Bill S-7 instead fanned the flames of xenophobia on a mass level, failed to protect women, and, in fact, created higher risk of harms for women who are victims of gender- or family-based violence. In this commentary, we provide an overview of Bill S-7, the amendments to legislation made as a result of its passing, and some of its many problematic elements. We address the barriers to disclosing violence in racialized communities and subsequently provide suggestions on how to effectively address gender- and family-based violence in Canada in an effort to support survivors and prevent further harm.

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