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Background Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that predominantly manifests as facial flushing, irritation, and acne. Rosacea and cancer are thought to be linked by the commonality of inflammatory and immune response dysfunction. Studies that have looked into this possible association have reported mixed results. Objective Given the conflicting literature on this topic, our study sought to evaluate the overall association between rosacea and several cancers commonly investigated in the literature. Methods A systematic review was conducted using the Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, and Ovid databases. Studies were screened independently for inclusion of rosacea and glioma and breast, thyroid, hepatic, or skin cancers. Using information from the articles, rosacea and each cancer were categorized as having a positive, negative, or unclear association. Results Our systematic review included 39 full-text studies that investigated the association between rosacea and various malignancies. Among the malignancies of concern, 41% (16/39) of the studies reported an association with basal cell carcinoma, with 2 cohorts revealing an adjusted risk ratio (RR) of 1.50 (95% CI 1.35-1.67) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.56-0.93). In total, 33% (13/39) of the studies reported an association with squamous cell carcinoma, with 2 cohorts revealing an adjusted RR of 1.4 (95% CI 1.02-1.93) and 1.30 (95% CI 0.90-1.88). A total of 8% (3/39) of the studies reported an association between breast cancer and melanoma, with breast cancer cohorts revealing an adjusted RR of 8.453 (95% CI 1.638-43.606), 1.03 (95% CI 0.89-1.20), and 1.36 (95% CI 1.18-1.58) and melanoma cohorts revealing an adjusted RR of 1.10 (95% CI 0.95-1.27), 0.63 (95% CI 0.47-0.85), and 0.96 (95% CI 0.57-1.62). A total of 5% (2/39) of the studies reported an association among nonmelanoma skin cancers, hepatic cancer, and thyroid carcinomas, with nonmelanoma skin cancer cohorts revealing an adjusted RR of 1.36 (95% CI 1.26-1.47) and 2.66 (95% CI 1.53-4.61), hepatic cancer cohorts revealing an adjusted RR of 1.42 (95% CI 1.06-1.90) and 1.32 (95% CI 0.89-1.95), and thyroid carcinoma cohorts revealing an adjusted RR of 1.06 (95% CI 0.68-1.65) and 1.59 (95% CI 1.07-2.36). Only 1 cohort reported an association with glioma, revealing an adjusted RR of 1.36 (95% CI 1.18-1.58). According to our review, patients with rosacea were statistically more likely to have nonmelanoma skin cancers, breast cancer, and glioma. Rosacea was not found to be substantially associated with melanoma. The associations between rosacea and hepatic and thyroid cancers were unclear because of conflicting results. Conclusions The current literature shows that rosacea is significantly associated with increased odds of nonmelanoma skin cancers, glioma, and breast cancer. Rosacea does not appear to be associated with melanoma. Further studies should be conducted to clarify the association between thyroid and hepatic cancers and rosacea.
Background Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that predominantly manifests as facial flushing, irritation, and acne. Rosacea and cancer are thought to be linked by the commonality of inflammatory and immune response dysfunction. Studies that have looked into this possible association have reported mixed results. Objective Given the conflicting literature on this topic, our study sought to evaluate the overall association between rosacea and several cancers commonly investigated in the literature. Methods A systematic review was conducted using the Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, and Ovid databases. Studies were screened independently for inclusion of rosacea and glioma and breast, thyroid, hepatic, or skin cancers. Using information from the articles, rosacea and each cancer were categorized as having a positive, negative, or unclear association. Results Our systematic review included 39 full-text studies that investigated the association between rosacea and various malignancies. Among the malignancies of concern, 41% (16/39) of the studies reported an association with basal cell carcinoma, with 2 cohorts revealing an adjusted risk ratio (RR) of 1.50 (95% CI 1.35-1.67) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.56-0.93). In total, 33% (13/39) of the studies reported an association with squamous cell carcinoma, with 2 cohorts revealing an adjusted RR of 1.4 (95% CI 1.02-1.93) and 1.30 (95% CI 0.90-1.88). A total of 8% (3/39) of the studies reported an association between breast cancer and melanoma, with breast cancer cohorts revealing an adjusted RR of 8.453 (95% CI 1.638-43.606), 1.03 (95% CI 0.89-1.20), and 1.36 (95% CI 1.18-1.58) and melanoma cohorts revealing an adjusted RR of 1.10 (95% CI 0.95-1.27), 0.63 (95% CI 0.47-0.85), and 0.96 (95% CI 0.57-1.62). A total of 5% (2/39) of the studies reported an association among nonmelanoma skin cancers, hepatic cancer, and thyroid carcinomas, with nonmelanoma skin cancer cohorts revealing an adjusted RR of 1.36 (95% CI 1.26-1.47) and 2.66 (95% CI 1.53-4.61), hepatic cancer cohorts revealing an adjusted RR of 1.42 (95% CI 1.06-1.90) and 1.32 (95% CI 0.89-1.95), and thyroid carcinoma cohorts revealing an adjusted RR of 1.06 (95% CI 0.68-1.65) and 1.59 (95% CI 1.07-2.36). Only 1 cohort reported an association with glioma, revealing an adjusted RR of 1.36 (95% CI 1.18-1.58). According to our review, patients with rosacea were statistically more likely to have nonmelanoma skin cancers, breast cancer, and glioma. Rosacea was not found to be substantially associated with melanoma. The associations between rosacea and hepatic and thyroid cancers were unclear because of conflicting results. Conclusions The current literature shows that rosacea is significantly associated with increased odds of nonmelanoma skin cancers, glioma, and breast cancer. Rosacea does not appear to be associated with melanoma. Further studies should be conducted to clarify the association between thyroid and hepatic cancers and rosacea.
BACKGROUND Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that predominantly manifests with facial flushing, skin irritation, and acne. Rosacea and cancer are thought to be linked by the commonality of inflammatory and immune response dysfunction. Studies in the literature that have looked into this possible association have generated mixed results. OBJECTIVE Given the conflicting literature on this topic, our paper seeks to evaluate the overall association between rosacea and several commonly investigated cancers in the literature. METHODS A systematic review was performed using Cochrane, PubMed, EMBASE, and OVID. Studies were screened for inclusion of rosacea and glioma, breast, thyroid, hepatic, or skin cancers independently. Using information from the articles, rosacea and each respective cancer were categorized as being likely associated, unlikely associated, or as having an unclear association. RESULTS Our systematic review resulted in the inclusion of 35 full-text papers, which investigated the association between rosacea and various malignancies. Among the malignancies of concern, 14 studies reported an association with basal cell carcinoma, 11 studies reported an association with squamous cell carcinoma, 3 studies reported an association with breast cancer, an association with melanoma and thyroid carcinomas were reported in 2 studies each, and an association with non-melanoma skin cancers, hepatic cancer and glioma were reported in 1 study each. According to our review, patients with rosacea appeared to statistically be more likely to have basal cell carcinoma, breast cancer, hepatic cancer, and glioma. Rosacea was not found to be significantly associated with melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma. A clear association between rosacea and thyroid cancer was not able to be made due to conflicting results. CONCLUSIONS The current literature displays that rosacea is significantly associated with an increased odds of basal cell carcinoma, glioma, and hepatic cancer. Rosacea does not appear to be associated with melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Further studies should be conducted to clarify an association between thyroid cancer and rosacea.
Background: Rosacea is a common chronic skin condition. To manage rosacea long-term and prevent further flare-ups, patients need to be aware of the disease and have sound knowledge of the condition. However, few related studies have been conducted on this subject. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify rosacea awareness and knowledge among Korean rosacea patients and their means of gathering information on the disease. Methods: A prospective multicenter cross-sectional study recruited a total of 201 outpatients who were diagnosed with rosacea by a dermatologist. All were asked to complete a questionnaire asking about their demographic characteristics, rosacea awareness, and knowledge. Results: Among 201 rosacea patients, 146 (72.6%) were unaware of the disease before their diagnosis. The median number of questions the patients correctly answered was 6 of a total of 13 questions (46%) on rosacea knowledge, implying relatively shallow knowledge on rosacea. Better understanding of rosacea was negatively associated with age (odds ratio [OR] 0.965; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.941 – 0.989) and positively associated with a higher education level (OR = 2.896; 95% CI: 1.379–6.082). Individuals with rosacea felt that they were getting reliable information from doctors (n = 189, 94%), followed by the Internet (n = 38, 18.9%). Conclusion: Overall, rosacea awareness and knowledge among Korean rosacea patients were relatively low. Detailed education, especially targeting elderly patients and those with low education levels, is necessary for better disease outcomes.
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