Racial differences in hemodynamic responses to the cold face stimulus in children and adults.

Treiber, Frank A.; Musante, Linda; Braden, David S.; Arensman, Frederick W.; Strong, William B.; Levy, Mike; Leverett, S

doi:10.1097/00006842-199005000-00003

Cited by 99 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…- 43 These studies differ from the exercise studies mentioned above in that blacks did not exhibit higher resistance values at rest. In either case, it is apparent that racial differences in BP during physical stress result from an elevated vascular resistance in blacks compared with whites.…”

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confidence: 59%

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Cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses to exercise in blacks and whites.

et al. 1992

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The purpose of the present study was to assess possible racial differences in cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses to dynamic exercise. A biracial group of normotensive college-age men (15 blacks, 15 whites) were tested for maximal oxygen uptake, resting blood pressure, and heart rate. Subjects then rode a cycle ergometer at 25%, 50%, and 75% of peak oxygen uptake (6 minutes at each stage). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured during supine rest, seated rest, and at each stage of exercise with an automated blood pressure monitor. At each stage, venous blood was sampled to allow determination of plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine, and cardiac output was measured with the carbon dioxide rebreathing technique. The results indicated that resting blood pressure was similar for blacks and whites (114/68 versus 115/68 mm Hg, respectively). Blacks exhibited greater systolic and diastolic blood pressures during submaximal dynamic exercise. However, blacks also showed a trend toward a positive parental history of hypertension, which has been associated with an increased pressor response. Racial differences did not exist for heart rate or cardiac output, but blacks had higher values for total peripheral resistance both at rest and during exercise. Although no overall racial differences were seen for plasma catecholamine concentrations at rest, blacks had significantly lower levels of norepinephrine (1,275 versus 1,556 pg/ml) and higher levels of epinephrine (306 versus 216 pg/ml) than whites at the highest work rate. The current study confirms the increased pressor response to exercise in normotensive blacks. Blacks had an elevation in total peripheral resistance that was not accompanied by an increase in plasma norepinephrine levels.

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confidence: 59%

“…43 The black subjects demonstrated an elevation in TPR both at rest and during exercise. An elevation in TPR would have a more pronounced effect on MABP during exercise than at rest.…”

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confidence: 92%

Cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses to exercise in blacks and whites.

et al. 1992

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated that elevated vascular reactivity (ie, DBP reactivity and vascular resistance) is more prevalent among blacks than whites. 3,[31][32][33][34] Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that total peripheral resistance and norepinephrine responses to stress are greater in offspring of hypertensive than normotensive individuals. 35,36 These studies suggest that the presence of preclinical changes in vascular reactivity are most likely linked to heightened sympathetic nervous system activity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Status and Blood Pressure Reactivity in Healthy Black Adolescents

et al. 2000

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Abstract-Adolescents in low-socioeconomic-status environments are more susceptible to illnesses, such as hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. This study examined the influence of both neighborhood-and family-level socioeconomic status (SES) on blood pressure (BP) reactivity in a healthy sample of 76 black adolescents. It was hypothesized that a higher level of parental education and/or income would reduce the elevated BP reactivity associated with living in poorer neighborhoods. Census-derived data were obtained using each participant's address.

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“…Each child then participated in the cold face stimulus procedure. 21 Before the task, subjects relaxed for a 10-minute period. Next, 4 baseline SBP, DBP, and HR measures were obtained by a trained technician.…”

Section: Cvr Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Potassium on Blood Pressure in Salt-Sensitive and Salt-Resistant Black Adolescents

1999

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Abstract-This study examined the effects of increasing dietary potassium on ambulatory blood pressure nondipping status (Ͻ10% decrease in blood pressure from awake to asleep) and cardiovascular reactivity in salt-sensitive and salt-resistant black adolescents. A sample of 58 normotensive (blood pressure, 101/57Ϯ9/4 mm Hg) black adolescents (aged 13 to 16 years) participated in a 5-day low sodium diet (50 mmol/24 h) followed by a 10-day high sodium diet (150 mmol/24 h NaCl supplement) to determine salt-sensitivity status. Participants showed a significant increase in urinary sodium excretion (24Ϯ19 to 224Ϯ65 mmol/24 h) and were identified as salt-sensitive if their mean blood pressure increase was Ն5 mm Hg from the low to high sodium diet. Sixteen salt-sensitive and 42 salt-resistant subjects were then randomly assigned to either a 3-week high potassium diet (80 mmol/24 h) or usual diet control group. Urinary potassium excretion significantly increased in the treatment group (35Ϯ7 to 57Ϯ21 mmol/24 h). At baseline, a significantly greater percentage of salt-sensitive (44%) compared with salt-resistant (7%) subjects were nondippers on the basis of diastolic blood pressure classifications (PϽ0.04). After the dietary intervention, all of the salt-sensitive subjects in the high potassium group achieved dipper status as a result of a drop in nocturnal diastolic blood pressure (daytime, 69 versus 67 mm Hg; nighttime, 69 versus 57 mm Hg). No significant group differences in cardiovascular reactivity were observed. These results suggest that a positive relationship between dietary potassium intake and blood pressure modulation can still exist even when daytime blood pressure is unchanged by a high potassium diet. (Hypertension. 1999;34:181-186.)

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Racial differences in hemodynamic responses to the cold face stimulus in children and adults.

Cited by 99 publications

References 0 publications

Cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses to exercise in blacks and whites.

Cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses to exercise in blacks and whites.

Socioeconomic Status and Blood Pressure Reactivity in Healthy Black Adolescents

Effects of Potassium on Blood Pressure in Salt-Sensitive and Salt-Resistant Black Adolescents

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