Racial Comparisons in Timeliness of Colon Cancer Treatment in an Equal-Access Health System

Eaglehouse, Yvonne L; Georg, Matthew W.; Shriver, Craig D.; Zhu, Kangmin

doi:10.1093/jnci/djz135

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…). Similarly, time to treatment after diagnosis and time to recurrence after receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy are similar in black and white patients who are treated in an equal‐access setting, although overall survival is shorter among blacks, suggesting the influence of factors other than treatment, such as comorbidities . Thus, equity in care across the cancer continuum, from prevention to early detection, clinical trial participation and individualized treatment, is necessary to eliminate racial disparities …”

Section: Selected Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorectal cancer statistics, 2020

Siegel

Miller

Sauer

et al. 2020

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

4,287

3,533

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In addition, initiatives to educate primary care physicians regarding the increasing risk of early-onset CRC are necessary to reduce persistent delays in diagnosis that result in premature morbidity and mortality in young, otherwise healthy and productive men and women. FUNDING SUPPORTNo specific funding was disclosed. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURESThe authors made no disclosures. REFERENCES 1. Abdelsattar ZM, Wong SL, Regenbogen SE, Jomaa DM, Hardiman KM, Hendren S. Colorectal cancer outcomes and treatment patterns in patients too young for average-risk screening.

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Section: Selected Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorectal cancer statistics, 2020

Siegel

Miller

Sauer

et al. 2020

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

4,287

3,533

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Racial disparities in stage-specific survival largely reflect differences in access to care, treatment, comorbidities, and tumor characteristics. [88][89][90][91][92] Numerous studies have documented that Black people with CRC are less likely than White people to receive recommended surgical treatment, radiation, and chemotherapy. 49,93 In addition, Black people are more likely to have treatment delays, even within similar socioeconomic backgrounds.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer statistics for African American/Black People 2022

Giaquinto

Miller

Tossas

et al. 2022

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

339

228

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African American/Black individuals have a disproportionate cancer burden, including the highest mortality and the lowest survival of any racial/ethnic group for most cancers. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths for Black people in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence (herein through 2018), mortality (through 2019), survival, screening, and risk factors using population‐based data from the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 2022, there will be approximately 224,080 new cancer cases and 73,680 cancer deaths among Black people in the United States. During the most recent 5‐year period, Black men had a 6% higher incidence rate but 19% higher mortality than White men overall, including an approximately 2‐fold higher risk of death from myeloma, stomach cancer, and prostate cancer. The overall cancer mortality disparity is narrowing between Black and White men because of a steeper drop in Black men for lung and prostate cancers. However, the decline in prostate cancer mortality in Black men slowed from 5% annually during 2010 through 2014 to 1.3% during 2015 through 2019, likely reflecting the 5% annual increase in advanced‐stage diagnoses since 2012. Black women have an 8% lower incidence rate than White women but a 12% higher mortality; further, mortality rates are 2‐fold higher for endometrial cancer and 41% higher for breast cancer despite similar or lower incidence rates. The wide breast cancer disparity reflects both later stage diagnosis (57% localized stage vs 67% in White women) and lower 5‐year survival overall (82% vs 92%, respectively) and for every stage of disease (eg, 20% vs 30%, respectively, for distant stage). Breast cancer surpassed lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer death among Black women in 2019. Targeted interventions are needed to reduce stark cancer inequalities in the Black community.

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“…96 100 No evidence suggests that racial differences in genetics or other immutable factors are responsible for the cancer outcome disparities, and a study from the US Veterans Administration health system showed that CRC mortality did not differ between black and white people in the cohort studied, showing that if insurance and access to healthcare are equivalent, racial disparities are mitigated. 101 Identification and surveillance in hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes This review focuses on screening among individuals at average risk for developing CRC; however, 6-10% of all CRCs arise from inherited CRC syndromes and clinicians should be familiar with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) because of its striking clinical presentation (FAP presents with many colon polyps and is easy to recognize on colonoscopy) and Lynch syndrome since it is one of the most common inherited gastrointestinal cancer syndromes. 2 Other uncommon polyposis conditions contribute to the familial and inherited causes of CRC (table 2).…”

Section: Screening Rates and Disparitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and prevention of colorectal cancer

Kanth

Inadomi

2021

BMJ

180

138

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Mortality from colorectal cancer is reduced through screening and early detection; moreover, removal of neoplastic lesions can reduce cancer incidence. While understanding of the risk factors, pathogenesis, and precursor lesions of colorectal cancer has advanced, the cause of the recent increase in cancer among young adults is largely unknown. Multiple invasive, semi- and non-invasive screening modalities have emerged over the past decade. The current emphasis on quality of colonoscopy has improved the effectiveness of screening and prevention, and the role of new technologies in detection of neoplasia, such as artificial intelligence, is rapidly emerging. The overall screening rates in the US, however, are suboptimal, and few interventions have been shown to increase screening uptake. This review provides an overview of colorectal cancer, the current status of screening efforts, and the tools available to reduce mortality from colorectal cancer.

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Racial Comparisons in Timeliness of Colon Cancer Treatment in an Equal-Access Health System

Cited by 24 publications

References 58 publications

Colorectal cancer statistics, 2020

Colorectal cancer statistics, 2020

Cancer statistics for African American/Black People 2022

Screening and prevention of colorectal cancer

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