Racial bias and DUI enforcement: Comparing conviction rates with frequency of behavior

Kagawa, Rose M. C.; McCort, Christopher D.; Schleimer, Julia P.; Pear, Veronica A.; Charbonneau, Amanda; Buggs, Shani; Wintemute, Garen J.; Laqueur, Hannah

doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12558

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 59 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…33 Furthermore, the growing body of evidence demonstrating significant racial bias in legal convictions, including enforcement of driving under the influence, highlights the limitations of studying alcohol-associated legal issues. 34 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient survey augments detection of harmful alcohol relapse after liver transplant for alcohol-associated cirrhosis

Rice

Mehta

Grab

et al. 2023

Hepatology Communications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Predicting the risk of alcohol relapse after a liver transplant for alcohol-associated liver disease is critical to guide candidate selection and optimize alcohol use disorder management. We aimed to use patient survey to augment the detection of alcohol relapse and its risk factors and to understand patient perceptions of the importance of alcohol abstinence. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we used a telephone survey and chart review to assess the incidence of post-transplant harmful alcohol relapse, risk factors, and long-term outcomes for patients transplanted for alcohol-associated cirrhosis at our center from 2002 to 2016. Results: Over the median follow-up of 5.9 years, 20.4% relapsed, with 9.3% harmful relapse after median of 4.0 years. The survey response rate was 44.0% (n=110). Of survey responders, 44.3% did not recall discussing alcohol in post-transplant clinics, and 17.6% of relapses were identified by the survey alone. In univariate analysis, shorter pretransplant sobriety (OR: 0.96 per month, p=0.02) and history of pretransplant relapse (OR: 2.99, p=0.02) were associated with post-transplant harmful relapse. After adjusting for these factors, High-risk Alcoholism Relapse score ≥4 predicted harmful relapse (OR: 3.43, p=0.049). A total of 27.3% of patients with both pretransplant relapse and High-risk Alcoholism Relapse score ≥4 relapsed to harmful use compared with 5.2% of those with 1 or neither risk factor (p < 0.001). Harmful relapse was associated with increased graft loss (30.4% vs. 17.4%) and inferior 10-year post–liver transplant survival (61.5% vs. 80.7%). Conclusions: Incorporating patient survey data allowed the detection of relapses otherwise unreported to clinicians, highlighting the need for novel strategies to detect relapse. Utilizing this augmented data, we identified pretransplant sobriety length, pretransplant relapse, and High-risk Alcoholism Relapse score ≥4 as risk factors that should be evaluated pretransplant to guide candidate selection and peritransplant alcohol use disorder management.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient survey augments detection of harmful alcohol relapse after liver transplant for alcohol-associated cirrhosis

Rice

Mehta

Grab

et al. 2023

Hepatology Communications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This policy may also increase race and gender inequality in impaired driving arrests (see Schwartz & Rookey, 2008;Kagawa et al, 2021). For example, Schwartz and Rookey (2008) indicated that the previous BAC limit change increased the proportion of women in DUI arrests by criminalizing the often less-serious (Lower BAC) drinking and driving behavior of women (Schwartz & Rookey, 2008).…”

Section: Lowering the Per-se Limit To 005mentioning

confidence: 99%

Waiting for the Stop Sign to Turn Green: Contemporary Issues on Drug and Alcohol Impaired Driving Policy

Stringer

2022

Am J Crim Just

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Impaired driving has been a considerable social problem in the U.S. for decades, but efforts to reduce it have stalled after the initial reductions in the 1980's. As a result, legislators continue to develop more polices aimed at deterring impaired driving. Although alcohol has historically been the focus of these efforts, recently there has been increased concern about marijuana impaired driving policies as well. However, alcohol and marijuana impaired driving differ in many ways. This paper explores the costs and benefits of new zero-tolerance policies such as the reduction of the per-se Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) level from .08 to .05 for alcohol and the establishment of similar per-se limits for marijuana. These policies are not based on actual impairment and reflect a net widening effect that will criminalize unimpaired drivers, divert criminal justice resources away from the most problematic impaired drivers, and will have little impact on impaired driving crashes. As such, they have the potential to do more harm than good.

show abstract

“…While prevalence rates of SUD tend to be lower among racial/ethnic minority groups (e.g., rates of lifetime alcohol use disorders [AUD] are 22.0% among Black persons, 22.9% among Latinx persons, and 32.6% among White persons; Grant, Goldstein et al, 2015), penalties related to substance use tend to be harsher for people of color. For example, the literature has shown a racial bias in driving under the influence (DUI) enforcement with Latino men having higher rates of DUI conviction than White men (Kagawa et al, 2021). This underscores the importance of continuing to center discussions of SUD around discrimination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the relationship between intersectional discrimination and substance use disorders by race/ethnicity and gender.

Verissimo¹,

Gee²,

Grella³

2023

Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: The present study aims to assess the relationship between substance use disorders (SUD) and intersectional discrimination, the intersection of racial/ethnic discrimination, and gender discrimination. Further, this study aims to determine if the relationship between SUD and discrimination varies by race/ethnicity and gender. Method: This cross-sectional study analyzes data from a diverse sample of American Indian, Asian, Black, Latinx, and White adult respondents (N = 34,547) from Wave 2 of the 2004–2005 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test the association between intersectional discrimination and SUD. Intersectional discrimination was assessed using an interaction term between racial/ethnic discrimination and gender discrimination. Alcohol use disorders (AUD) only and alcohol plus drug use disorders (SUD) were assessed separately. Analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity and gender. Results: Overall, intersectional discrimination was associated with increased predicted probabilities of SUD relative to those with no discrimination and was more often associated with SUD than AUD. Intersectional discrimination was associated with increased predicted probabilities of AUD and SUD among women, Black, Latinx, and White adults. Intersectional discrimination was associated with increased predicted probabilities of SUD but not AUD among men, American Indian, and Asian adults. Conclusions: Intersectional discrimination consistently elevated AUD and/or SUD across subgroups defined by gender or race/ethnicity; however, effects were variable across gender, race/ethnicity, and disorder. Findings demonstrate the negative health implications of intersectional discrimination for men and women and American Indian, Asian, Black, Latinx, and White adults. Study findings have implications for the development of policies and interventions that are centered around intersectionality.

show abstract

Racial bias and DUI enforcement: Comparing conviction rates with frequency of behavior

Cited by 12 publications

References 59 publications

Patient survey augments detection of harmful alcohol relapse after liver transplant for alcohol-associated cirrhosis

Patient survey augments detection of harmful alcohol relapse after liver transplant for alcohol-associated cirrhosis

Waiting for the Stop Sign to Turn Green: Contemporary Issues on Drug and Alcohol Impaired Driving Policy

Examining the relationship between intersectional discrimination and substance use disorders by race/ethnicity and gender.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About