Racial and ethnic minority disparities in COVID-19 related health, health beliefs and behaviors, and well-being among students

Trammell, Janet P.; Joseph, Nataria T.; Harriger, Jennifer A.

doi:10.1080/07448481.2021.1890606

Cited by 53 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Moreover, the number of hate crimes in the U.S. during 2020 reported by FBI was the highest since 2008 (11). Direct and vicarious forms of racial/ethnic discrimination during the pandemic have been found to be positively associated with decreased mental health among racial/ethnic minority adults (12)(13)(14)(15). A recent study involving a national sample of Asian, Black, Indigenous, and Latinx young adults ages 18-25 found the majority of respondents reported at least one instance of COVID-related victimization and when controlling for pre-existing COVID-19 medical risks and financial insecurity, perceptions that the coronavirus has increased racial bias across the country mediated the positive association between coronavirus victimization distress and depression and anxiety (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-Related Victimization, Racial Bias and Employment and Housing Disruption Increase Mental Health Risk Among U.S. Asian, Black and Latinx Adults

Fisher

Tao

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: The mental health of racial/ethnic minorities in the U.S. has been disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the extent to which disruptions in employment and housing, coronavirus-specific forms of victimization and racial bias independently and conjointly contributed to mental health risk among Asian, Black, and Latinx adults in the United States during the pandemic.Methods: This study reports on data from 401 Asian, Black, and Latinx adults (age 18–72) who participated in a larger national online survey conducted from October 2020–June 2021, Measures included financial and health information, housing disruptions and distress in response to employment changes, coronavirus related victimization distress and perceived increases in racial bias, depression and anxiety.Results: Asian participants had significantly higher levels of COVID-related victimization distress and perceived increases in racial bias than Black and Latinx. Young adults (<26 years old) were more vulnerable to depression, anxiety, and coronavirus victimization distress than older respondents. Having at least one COVID-related health risk, distress in response to changes in employment and housing disruptions, pandemic related victimization distress and perceived increases in racial bias were positively and significantly related to depression and anxiety. Structural equation modeling indicated COVID-related increases in racial bias mediated the effect of COVID-19 related victimization distress on depression and anxiety.Conclusions: COVID-19 has created new pathways to mental health disparities among racial/ethnic minorities in the U.S. by exacerbating existing structural and societal inequities linked to race. Findings highlight the necessity of mental health services sensitive to specific challenges in employment and housing and social bias experienced by people of color during the current and future health crises.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-Related Victimization, Racial Bias and Employment and Housing Disruption Increase Mental Health Risk Among U.S. Asian, Black and Latinx Adults

Fisher

Tao

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…Moreover, it is important to note that the stress of COVID‐19 does not occur in a vacuum and the data collection period coincided with widespread national protests in response to George Floyd's murder (Buchanan et al., 2020 ). Other research illustrates that the “dual pandemics” of racial oppression and COVID‐19 were deeply stressful during COVID‐19, particularly for people of color (Molock & Parchem, 2021 ; Trammell et al., 2021 ). Future research on COVID‐19, stress, and sleep should include discriminatory aspects of COVID‐19 in stress measures alongside assessments of racial trauma (Williams et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress, coping, resilience, and sleep during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A representative survey study of US adults

2021

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Introduction:The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health emergency resulting in widespread death and substantial disruption to daily life. Previous research has shown that novel disease outbreaks are associated with high stress levels and sleep impairments that lead to neuropsychiatric consequences. Therefore, it is vital to study both stress and protective factors such as coping and resilience that may hinder or help sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, as gender disparities exist in sleep quality, it is important to understand the relationship between pandemic-related stress, coping strategies, resilience, and sleep in bothgenders during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Our study examined how gender, stress, coping, and resilience were associated with sleep cross-sectionally during the COVID-19 pandemic in a representative sample of US adults (N = 393).Results: Consistent with many recent studies, we found that worsened sleep quality in women compared to men persisted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interestingly, pandemic-related stress was not significantly associated with sleep quality, but pandemicrelated coping was associated with sleep independent of robust controls and trait resilience.Conclusions: Greater primary control engagement coping was associated with better sleep quality, while involuntary engagement coping was associated with poor sleep quality. Future research should extend the findings with actigraphy and explore ways to enhance beneficial coping and sleep health during pandemics.

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“…Perceived Stress Scale. Levels of stress were assessed by nine studies using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (Eden et al, 2020;Hathaway et al, 2021;Hoyt et al, 2021;Kecojevic et al, 2020;Krendl, 2021;Melcher et al, 2021;Son et al, 2020;Trammell et al, 2021;Zhen et al, 2021). The 10-item PSS (PSS-10) has demonstrated good internal consistency with a Cronbach alpha of 0.84-0.85 in college student samples as well as good validity with a positive correlation with scores on life event scales (Cohen et al, 1983).…”

Section: Commonly Used Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, one longitudinal study continuing into the summer of 2020 found no statistically significant changes in perceived stress or anxiety by race/ethnicity or income level (Hoyt et al, 2021). High risk of distress was also associated with knowing someone infected with COVID-19, personally experiencing respiratory viral symptoms or a greater perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 ((Browning et al, 2021;Haliwa et al, 2021;Kibbey et al, 2021;Trammell et al, 2021). A pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis was significantly associated with experiencing more symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (Cohen et al, 2020).…”

Section: Mental Health In the General Student Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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College Students’ Well-being during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Iglesia¹,

Lu²

2021

GRHE

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Studies have shown increased levels of distress during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, and college students are becoming more recognized as a vulnerable population. This narrative systematic review aims to synthesize the current understanding of mental health, lifestyle, and socioeconomic impacts that the pandemic had on college students in the United States. A search was conducted on PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science. A total of 34 observational studies were included which examined aspects of college students’ health and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. A great deal of students was shown to experience a moderate level of stress and subsyndromal depression and anxiety in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Several risk and protective factors have been characterized. Students experienced various academic, financial, and housing disruptions. Studies have highlighted the need for institutional support to reduce the adverse psychological impact of the pandemic. There is a need for further large-scale research to assess the scope of COVID-19-related biopsychosocial impact, especially in vulnerable populations such as racial/ethnic and sexual/gender minorities.

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Racial and ethnic minority disparities in COVID-19 related health, health beliefs and behaviors, and well-being among students

Cited by 53 publications

References 35 publications

COVID-Related Victimization, Racial Bias and Employment and Housing Disruption Increase Mental Health Risk Among U.S. Asian, Black and Latinx Adults

COVID-Related Victimization, Racial Bias and Employment and Housing Disruption Increase Mental Health Risk Among U.S. Asian, Black and Latinx Adults

Stress, coping, resilience, and sleep during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A representative survey study of US adults

College Students’ Well-being during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of the Literature

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